Port psychology : Eccles & Tran 2012

Question 1

COMMUNICATING THE PLANS
Outlined below are four strategies aimed at enhancing how plans are communicated
to team members, name.

Answer 1

1. Use multiple sensory modes. Plans should be presented to players in ways
   that involve their different senses. In addition to presenting the schemes
   the team must run during the next game by talking them through, draw
   them up on the whiteboard, demonstrate them with moveable magnets,
   and provide a playbook.
2. Use redundancy. Redundant communication mechanisms enhance plan
   communication. After talking the play through, provide players with a
   playbook and a handout. Then talk the play through again. Use the
   “onion” principle, namely provide “layers” of reminders and pointers.
3. Use an enduring representation. When a coach’s talk about new receiver
   routes is over, it’s over; the information is gone unless it was all heard
   and understood by the receivers. In addition to providing a talk, use an
   enduring representation of the information being conveyed. Aim for “anywhere,
   anytime” learning for players. Provide handouts of plays or let
   players record coaches’ talks so they can access play information anywhere,
   anytime.
4. Explain why. Athletes are more likely to attend to plans and abandon
   their own performance-related goals in favor of team-level plans being
   outlined if they understand what the proposed plans are meant to achieve
   and how. Furthermore, players who learn the rationale behind a given
   play in addition to how to execute the play will be more flexible during.

Question 2

RECEIVING THE PLANS
In this section, we outline three strategies for increasing the chances that
players “take in” new plans, name.

Answer 2

1. Enhance team members’ listening skills. Players are more likely to understand
   presented plans if they attempt to listen carefully to explanations of
   the plans. Encourage your team members to follow the HEAR principles,
   namely Head up, Eyes front, Attend fully, and Remain silent.
2. Encourage questions. Even if team members listen effectively, they might
   not understand what’s being presented. Encourage team members to
   speak up with questions about plans. Provide structured “IDU” opportunities
   for team members to say “I Don’t Understand” privately to coaches
   to avoid social pressures “not to look foolish” in front of the team.
3. Check plans are received. When team leaders and players begin to believe
   that everyone in the team shares knowledge of the team’s plans, they
   tend to stop checking that the team has achieved this shared state and, of
   course, the team may not have achieved this state. Use “check backs” to
   check team members’ understanding of plans by asking players to describe
   plans verbally, draw schematics of them, and/or demonstrate them on the
   field.

Question 3

Strategies for improving

the communication of plays and adjustments ?

Answer 3

1. Shorten
communication
2.Use codes to conceal
messages
3.Repeat
communications
4.Close the loop
5.Use team members’
names