Sport Psychology Flashcards
Mental skills
Arousal levels Concentration Stress Motivation Self confidence
Methods to control mental skills
Self talk Relaxation Imagery Performance routine Goal setting
Cohesion
Task:the team exists and survives in order to be successful at the sport, everyone has the same goal
Social:the team exists and survives due to the social relationships and interactions with the team, results dont really matter, enjoyment is key
Environmental factors
Relate to everything that is outside the control of the team Contracts Age Group size Geographical limitations
Personal factors
Refers to the personality or attributes of the athlete
Participate for 3 reasons
Task motivation: associated with task cohesion and being involved in a successful team
Affiliation motivation: associated with social cohesion and the desire of being part of a group
Self motivation: obtain personal satisfaction through improving personal goals
Leadership factors
Relate to how the leadership style affect cohesion
Most appropriate leadership style is used
Good leaders will set
Team goals
Individual roles
Team rules
Standards of behaviour
Team factors
Affect the overall team including things like desire for group success, team ability etc Team stability Type of sport Team goals Team norms
How can task cohesion be developed
Set challenging but realistic goals
Being fair and consistent in dealing with players
Prioritize team goals before individual goals
Promote high levels of motivation
How can social cohesion be developed
Social interaction away from the sport
Resolve problems quickly
Team building exercises
Develop informal roles in group
Why does social loafing occur
- An individual athlete perceives other athletes to be working at a lower intensity which in turn gives them an excuse to put in less effort.
- A belief that their efforts won’t make a difference to the team and outcome will still be reached.
- Avoiding hard work and assuming no one will notice in a large group
- Individuals feeling like their input is not essential to achieving the goal
Relationship between social loafing and group cohesion
High social cohesion, low task cohesion
Members of low-cohesiveness engaged in social loafing, whereas members of high-cohesiveness groups worked just as hard collectively
Social loafing on individual performance
Individual athletes are prone to social loafing if they feel that the team can still perform well without a maximum contribution from them.
This is particularly the case in events where all athletes in the team do the same task at the same time and there is no form of personal evaluation
Social loafing on group performance
Social loafing by some athletes in teams high in self-confidence. The individual athlete perceives the team will win even without every player performing at their best and consequently puts in less effort.
