Sport Psychology Flashcards
Personality
Sum of a person’s individual psychological characteristics
Trait Theory of personality
Theory which suggests that innate characteristics produce consistant behaviour
Trait
Inniate & something that is genetically programmed
Trait theory Evaluation
-Criticised for not taking into account how situations might influence an individuals behaviour in a different environment
-Doesn’t take into account personal change
-Both personality & situation change behaviour
Eysencks Personality traits
Stable-predictable behaviour
Neurotic-unpredictable behaviour
Extroversion-affiliated to others, seeks out social situations
introversion-avoids social situations
Social Learning Theory
Behaviour is learned from significant others by socialisation, more likely to copy behaviour that is consistently shown/live event/when taking part in sport
Observe→Identity→Reinforce→Copy
Lewin’s formula
B=f(P X E)
Behaviour=function(personalityXenvironment)
Cn be used to help coaches predict behaviour in certain situations
Hollander Approach
Personality is made up of 3 features:
*core-values & beliefs, stable/not likely to change
*Typical Response-use if inherent traits displayed to specific situation
*Role Related Behaviour-may adapt specific role when situation demands it
Coach can use internationalist idea to improve team & individual performance by using
*Can predict any potential aggressive behaviour & remove player from situation
*Could identify situations that cause inappropriate actions & create similar situations in training
*Change player behaviour & encourage players to adapt to circumstance, advice & support offered
Formation of attitudes
*Media
*Past experiences
*Prejudice
*Coaches/Teachers
*Family/Friends/Peers
*Culture
*Religion
Attitudes
A value aimed at an attitude object
Socialisation
Picking up on others opinions/values
Attitude objects
People/objects/situations
Triadic Model (CAB)
Cognitive=Knowledge & Beliefs e.g. fitness training keeps me fit
Affective=Feelings & Emotions e.g. I enjoy training
Behavioural=intended behaviour e.g. I go to training regularly
2 ways of changing attitudes
*Cognitive Dissonance
*Persuasive Communication
Cognitive Dissonance
New info is given to performer to cause unease & motivate change
Ways a coach can create cognitive dissonance
1.New info/presented with new activity, begin to question current attitudes & become motivated to change them, point out benefits to training method they have previously had - attitudes about
2.Making activity fun/varying practice, make session more enjoyable , help change attitude
3.Using rewards as reinforcement
4.Bring in specialist/role model to encourage participation
Persuasive Communication
*Persuader
*Message
*Situation
*Recipients
Persuasive Communication - Performer must
*Pay attention
*Understand
*Accept
*Retain message
Persuasive Communication - Coach must
*Be expert
*Be trustworthy
Persuasive Communication - Message must
*Be clear
*Be unambiguous
*Balanced between emotion & logic
*Balanced between pros & cons
Method to change attitude component - Cognitive
*Point out benefits of new technique
*Challenge a belief
Method to change attitude component - Affective
*Maintaining fun
Method to change attitude component - Behavioural
*Use reinforcement
*Use role models
