Sport And Society - Sociological Theory Applied To Equal Opportunities Flashcards
Define society.
An organised group of people associated for some specific purpose or with a shared common interest.
Define socialisation.
A process where members of society learn its values, ideas and roles in order to take place in their society.
Define internalisation.
The learning of values or attitudes that are incorporated within yourself.
Define social change
An alteration in the social order of a society.
Define gender socialisation.
The act of learning to conform to culturally gender roles through socialisation.
Define institution.
An established organisation founded for religious or social purpose.
What is the social action theory?
A way of viewing socialisation, emphasising the active roles people have in shaping society.
What is the interactionist approach and what does it suggest about society.
The study of how individuals behave in society and it suggets that it is people and their social actions which create society.
Define equal opportunities.
The right to access the same opportunities, regardless of race or sex …
Define discrimination
The unfair treatment of a person or minority group
What are the 2 types of discrimination and describe them.
- Overt discrimination : visible and obvious
- Covert discrimination : hidden and less obvious
3 benefits of raising sporting participation.
- Improve health and fitness
- Reduces blood pressure
- Lower feelings of stress and depression
3 barriers to sporting participation.
- Lack of time to participate
- Lack of motivation to participate
- Lack of skill in some sports
What are the 3 target groups which are under represented within sport?
1) Disabled people
2) Ethnic minorities
3) Women / teenage girls
Define disability.
A mental or physical impairment which affect performance
Define inclusiveness.
Where all people have needs and abilities understood and met within a supportive environment.
Define intergration
Able bodied and disabled taking part in the same activity together.
List 4 barriers to disabled people participating in sport.
- Negative self image
- Relatively low income levels
- Lack of access into and around facilities (lift out of order)
- Lack of disabled sporting clubs
List 3 solutions in an attempt for disabled people to participate in more sport.
- Increase investment in disabled sport
- Providing improved access for disabled (ramps and lifts)
- Train more specialist coaches
Define race
The physical characteristics of an individual
Define channeling (ethnicity)
Where ethnic minorities are pushed into certain sports on an assumption made on them.
What is an ethnic group?
A group of people who have racial or religious traits in common
Define stacking.
Where athletes are placed in certain positions based on racial stereotypes
3 barriers which prevent ethnic minorities from sporting participation.
- Conflict with religious beliefs
- Language barriers
- Higher values placed on education rather than sport
List 2 solutions to increase ethnic minority’s participation within sport
- Training more ethnic minority coaches
- Punishing racist abuse within sport
Define sexism
The belief that one gender is inferior to another
List 3 barriers to women participation in sport
- Fewer role models within sport
- Lack of leisure time
- Fewer competitions and clubs available
List 3 solutions to increasing women’s participation within sport
- Increased media coverage for women’s sport
- Shared domestic resposniblities (more leisure time)
- Providing more women clubs and competition
How does increasing sporting participation benefit the NHS?
Increasing sporting participation will result in a decreased strain on the NHS as less money would be spent on operations which are caused by sedentary lifestyles.
Outline 4 physical benefits to physical activity
- Improved posture
- Improved muscular strength
- Improved flexibility
- Improved body tone
Outline 2 mental benefits of physical activity
- Releases endorphins and serotonin within the brain ( ‘feel good chemicals’ ).
- Regular exercise results in an improved sleep pattern
Outline 3 social benefits of physical activity.
- Confidence and self esteem are likely to increase
- Helps us meet new people and develop new friendships
- Physical activity is a positive use of free time and decreases crime rates
