Sport And Society - Sociological Theory Applied To Equal Opportunities

Question 1

Define society.

Answer 1

An organised group of people associated for some specific purpose or with a shared common interest.

Question 2

Define socialisation.

Answer 2

A process where members of society learn its values, ideas and roles in order to take place in their society.

Question 3

Define internalisation.

Answer 3

The learning of values or attitudes that are incorporated within yourself.

Question 4

Define social change

Answer 4

An alteration in the social order of a society.

Question 5

Define gender socialisation.

Answer 5

The act of learning to conform to culturally gender roles through socialisation.

Question 6

Define institution.

Answer 6

An established organisation founded for religious or social purpose.

Question 7

What is the social action theory?

Answer 7

A way of viewing socialisation, emphasising the active roles people have in shaping society.

Question 8

What is the interactionist approach and what does it suggest about society.

Answer 8

The study of how individuals behave in society and it suggets that it is people and their social actions which create society.

Question 9

Define equal opportunities.

Answer 9

The right to access the same opportunities, regardless of race or sex …

Question 10

Define discrimination

Answer 10

The unfair treatment of a person or minority group

Question 11

What are the 2 types of discrimination and describe them.

Answer 11

• Overt discrimination : visible and obvious

- Covert discrimination : hidden and less obvious

Question 12

3 benefits of raising sporting participation.

Answer 12

• Improve health and fitness
• Reduces blood pressure
• Lower feelings of stress and depression

Question 13

3 barriers to sporting participation.

Answer 13

• Lack of time to participate
• Lack of motivation to participate
• Lack of skill in some sports

Question 14

What are the 3 target groups which are under represented within sport?

Answer 14

1) Disabled people
2) Ethnic minorities
3) Women / teenage girls

Question 15

Define disability.

Answer 15

A mental or physical impairment which affect performance

Question 16

Define inclusiveness.

Answer 16

Where all people have needs and abilities understood and met within a supportive environment.

Question 17

Define intergration

Answer 17

Able bodied and disabled taking part in the same activity together.

Question 18

List 4 barriers to disabled people participating in sport.

Answer 18

• Negative self image
• Relatively low income levels
• Lack of access into and around facilities (lift out of order)
• Lack of disabled sporting clubs

Question 19

List 3 solutions in an attempt for disabled people to participate in more sport.

Answer 19

• Increase investment in disabled sport
• Providing improved access for disabled (ramps and lifts)
• Train more specialist coaches

Question 20

Define race

Answer 20

The physical characteristics of an individual

Question 21

Define channeling (ethnicity)

Answer 21

Where ethnic minorities are pushed into certain sports on an assumption made on them.

Question 22

What is an ethnic group?

Answer 22

A group of people who have racial or religious traits in common

Question 23

Define stacking.

Answer 23

Where athletes are placed in certain positions based on racial stereotypes

Question 24

3 barriers which prevent ethnic minorities from sporting participation.

Answer 24

• Conflict with religious beliefs
• Language barriers
• Higher values placed on education rather than sport

Question 25

List 2 solutions to increase ethnic minority’s participation within sport

Answer 25

• Training more ethnic minority coaches

- Punishing racist abuse within sport

Question 26

Define sexism

Answer 26

The belief that one gender is inferior to another

Question 27

List 3 barriers to women participation in sport

Answer 27

• Fewer role models within sport
• Lack of leisure time
• Fewer competitions and clubs available

Question 28

List 3 solutions to increasing women’s participation within sport

Answer 28

• Increased media coverage for women’s sport
• Shared domestic resposniblities (more leisure time)
• Providing more women clubs and competition

Question 29

How does increasing sporting participation benefit the NHS?

Answer 29

Increasing sporting participation will result in a decreased strain on the NHS as less money would be spent on operations which are caused by sedentary lifestyles.

Question 30

Outline 4 physical benefits to physical activity

Answer 30

• Improved posture
• Improved muscular strength
• Improved flexibility
• Improved body tone

Question 31

Outline 2 mental benefits of physical activity

Answer 31

• Releases endorphins and serotonin within the brain ( ‘feel good chemicals’ ).
• Regular exercise results in an improved sleep pattern

Question 32

Outline 3 social benefits of physical activity.

Answer 32

• Confidence and self esteem are likely to increase
• Helps us meet new people and develop new friendships
• Physical activity is a positive use of free time and decreases crime rates