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PE skill acquisition > sport and society > Flashcards

sport and society Flashcards

1
Q

popular recreation

A
  • sport and passtimes of people in pre-industrial Britain
  • hobbies/sport/ activities
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2
Q

feudal system

A

A way of structuring society around a relationship derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour

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3
Q

Pre-industrial society characteristics

A
  • limited transport
  • widespread literacy
  • harsh lifestyle
    -limited free time
  • class division
  • rural
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4
Q

characteristics of popular recreation

A
  • social class = seperation of activities
  • rural = countryside, natural resources, limited space
  • widespread literacy = simple rules
  • limited free time= occasionally played
  • harsh lifestyle = violent/aggressive
  • limited transport = local
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5
Q

mob football

A
  • played by lower class
  • localised form of activity
  • very simple- made use of what was already available, in fields + pigs bladder instead of football
  • male dominated + highly violent
  • little rules
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6
Q

why mob football was banned

A
  • violent
  • injury/death
    -damage of property
  • gambling/wagering
  • drunken behaviour
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7
Q

real tennis

A
  • exclusive - upper class
  • educated/ highly literate = complex rules
  • high moral code = civilised
  • more free time = played regularly
  • purpose built facilities
  • travel = non local
  • skillful game = shows superiority
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8
Q

rational recreation

A
  • 19th century these sports were pastimes for the lower class which were designed by the middle class to be well ordered, organised and controlled
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9
Q

wenlock olympic games

A

-1850: Olympian class was formed by the Wenlock Agricultural Reading society
- the Wenlock games were created by Dr William Penny Brookes
- includes: athletics, quoits, football, cricket, running, hurdles, penny farthing cycling
-celebration & pageantry key important part of games
- games= amateurs, no financial rewards to victors

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10
Q

athletics and a rational recreation

A
  • non violent
  • played nationally/ reguarly
  • rule, create NGB
  • referee/ officials
  • purpose built facilities
  • skill/tactic based
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11
Q

reasons why olympics was set up

A
  • moral, physical and intellectual improvements
  • participation in outdoor recreation challenges
  • prizes for success promote participation
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12
Q

industrial revolution

A
  • rapid development of industry that occurred in Britain in the late 18th-19th century (use of steam power)
  • intro of machinery, growth of factories, mass production of manufactured goods
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13
Q

influence of industrial revolution on the development of rationalised sports and passtimes - negative, first half

A
  • migration of the lower class into urban areas
  • lack of leisure time
  • lack of income
  • poor health
  • loss of rights
  • lack of provision
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14
Q

influence of industrial revolution on the development of rationalised sports and passtimes - positive, second half

A
  • health and hygiene improved = public baths- more energy to participate
  • increase in wages and more time for sport
  • new middle class
  • values of athleticism
  • improvement of transport and communications - roads + trains
  • becomes cheaper to travel -participation and spectators
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15
Q

urbanisation

A

-large numbers of people moving from rural to town/cities
- lack of space - led to purpose build facilities
- large working class populations -need entertaining, more spectators
- loss of traditional sports
- change in working conditions - more free time, spectators increased

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16
Q

transport revolution

A
  • development of trains and railways
  • faster trains- can travel further-> national leagues
  • leagues caused rules to be made
  • improved access to different parts of the country
  • cheaper train travel -working class
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17
Q

communications

A
  • became more literate
  • printed media improved awareness of the sport
  • emergence of sporting heros and role models
18
Q

influence of the church

A
  • social control
  • civilised society diverting people away from less sociable acceptable behaviour
  • promoted christian values
  • use of facilities = attendance at church services
  • church formed own teams
19
Q

emergence of the middle classes in the 3 tier society

A
  • codification
  • competitions
  • public provision
  • increases leisure time
  • move to professionalism
20
Q

codification

A
  • development of strict rules as public schools caused NGBs to be made
  • controlled sport and became key members of administration
21
Q

competitions

A
  • development of leagues
22
Q

public provisions

A
  • creates space to train and play
23
Q

increased leisure time

A
  • more time to watch or play
24
Q

public schools and the British empire

A
  • headmasters promote sport = social control = outlet for energy + taught lessons to control boys behaviour
  • sportsmanship
  • ‘cult of athleticism’= promoted sport they played= form of national leagues + competition across British empire
25
Q

public provision and its influence on development and spread of rational recreation

A
  • local council provision of facilities for the masses to participate
  • opportunities for working class
  • wanted to improve health and hygiene of then working class
  • applied for grants for public washing facilities
26
Q

development of NGBs

A
  • sport becoming more increasingly popular with more widespread playing of sport
  • more teams and clubs formed
  • more national and international fixture formed
  • leagues + competitions required for teams to compete in
  • nationally agreed rules
  • maintain amateur ideal
  • threats of professionalism/ commercialism
27
Q

characteristics of rational recreation

A
  • respectability - emphasis on fair play = emergence of middle class
  • regionally/nationally played = improved transport
  • stringent administration and codification
  • referees/ officials
  • purpose- built facilities= more space
  • skill/tactic based
28
Q

amateurism

A
  • plays sport for the fun not for financial gain
  • values included - appreciating value of health and fitness, rule-regulated activity, high moral integrity
29
Q

amateurism positives

A
  • amateurs had a higher status than professionals
  • the code of amateurism formed many NGBs - FA
  • belonging to a social elite
  • participation in sport seen as more important than winning
30
Q

gentleman amateur

A
  • wealthy people play fro the love of it, not for money
31
Q

professional

A
  • working class
  • paid to play
  • little free time, dedicated to training
32
Q

professionalism positives

A
  • paid according to their results so resulted in dedicated training = standard of play increased
  • factories employ based on sporting talents
  • avenue of social mobility
33
Q

broken time payments

A
  • being paid even when not playing/ resting
34
Q

features of early 20th century amateurs

A
  • high status
  • controllers of sport
  • top performers
  • highly moral
35
Q

features of modern day amateurs

A
  • lower status
  • performance at the top level in most sports open to all
  • some receive finance to pay for training expenses - sports aid money
36
Q

positives of modern day amateurism

A
  • codes of amateurism still evident in British police
  • still viewed positively and promoted- shaking hands
  • still have codes of conduct - rugby calling referees sir
37
Q

modern day professionalism

A
  • all classes can compete, social mobility is more possible
    -people now respected for their talents
  • high rewards for professionals through media and sponsorship
  • more time to train
  • positive role models
  • money invested- operate and survive commercially
  • more spectators
38
Q

rationalisation and modern day development of association football

A
  • urbanisation = large audience, purpose built facilities
  • more free time= Saturday traditional 3pm
  • more disposable income
  • improved transport= development of trains
  • increased professionalism = opportunity to play as a job, broken time payments
  • increased organisation = ex pupil set up FA
39
Q

bosman ruling

A
  • allowed footballers within the EU to move at the end of their contract to another club without transfer fee being paid
  • caused salaries to be increase
  • maximum waged caused salaries to be capped at £4 week
40
Q

the emergence of elite female footballers in modern day sport

A
  • equal opportunities = sex discrimination act, war effort- breaking down stereotypes about physical capabilities
  • increased media coverage = part of fifa 16
  • more female role models
  • more provison via school pe programmes
  • more clubs forming
  • more free time = domestic responsibility decreased
41
Q

womens world cup

A

1991
- mens - 1930

42
Q

female officials

A
  • wendy toms first ever female assistant referee to officiate premier league 1991
  • more funding = more courses
  • success in womens games means more people want to take part in other ways
  • measures put in place = develop more opportunities for female referees such as womens referee deveoplment pathway

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