Sport and Exercise Psyc Flashcards
What is the tomato effect?
A term used to describe a phenomenon where highly effective therapy is ignored or rejected
-something really good for you but you don’t do it (eg. PA)
What does the tomato effect occur?
The therapy doesn’t seem to make sense in terms of common beliefs
-ppl ignore the evidence
Why does our society not engage in PA even though it is so good for you?
We live in a sedentary society
- a lot of time its in the mind
- if you’re lifting weights at the gym so, you
1. start to think weights are getting heavier
2. technique goes down
3. start to lose focus
4. mind fails before the body almost everytime
mind is always the first obstacle to get over
What are the benefits of exercise?
SKELETAL SYSTEM --body density and bone (really young: children running and jumping is good for bone density) density retention MUSCULAR SYSEM --hypertrophy --strength and endurance --capillarization --blood flow CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM -cardiac mass -stroke volume and output -heart rate and BP THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM THE METABOLIC SYSTEM
What are the basic requirements for adults of PA?
30m or more of moderate-vig intensity activity performed on most days of the week
-benefits are related to effort
Are ppl aware of the benefits of exercise?
Yes!
- Surveyed active and inactive ppl’s knowledge and beliefs about PA
- in most instances, inactive ppl held similar beliefs to active indiv. about the benefits of PA
- that’s why the tomato effect is so interesting
What type of measurements are made when studying PA?
- specify which aspects of PA are important in producing specific health outcomes
- monitor changes in PA over time
- monitor the effectiveness of an intervention
- determine pop guidelines for PA
When researchers used an accelerometer what was found?
wanted to find the bare min. of PA -now has 24hr guidelines sleep is included too -ppl who were relatively active- at least 60min a day slept better -had better mood states -diets in simple sugar/carb lead to imbalanced mood states and sleeping patters
When researchers wanted to predict motivation for exercise and used 2 groups (fit and NF) what did they do?
had them stand on a line and look down to the end of the track
asked them to predict the distance of the finish line
motivacted: predictec the distance to be 40% shorter than the other
RIGHT away: the mind
next thing: took objective measurements: predicted VO2(beep test) BMI test
BMI: ppl with a low waist to hip ratio were less motivated
measured motivation: they found that regardless of WtoH ratio and VO2
-ppl who were motivated saw it 40% less regardless of weight
SO what is it that helps people be motivated?
had ppl focus on finish line- removed background noise
found that focusing in on finish line regardless of motivation and fitness helped perceive to be 35% closer
then put on weights- with weights if just focused on finish line
complete the task faster and with more weight
comes down to the perception
What do we need more and less of for research on personality and PA?
- less research on personality and the predisposition to exercise
- more research on how exercise may change personality
- look at building programs for ppl with at risk personalities
What parts of ‘self’ go into global SE?
- Physical self
- Academic self
- Social self
What is global SE?
how we value and what we value will influence all of these things
If you continue to be active, social and brain power, you’re going to be a more rounded indiv. you will start to depend too much on one or the other
Does PA automatically enhance SE?
no- it contributes but isn’t cause and effect
- has a moderate effect
- greatest effects with children and the elderly
- change occurs almost immediately
What are the trends of body dissatisfaction in adults?
The rates of dissatisfaction are increasing
How accurate are we of our body perceptions?
- Perceptions of one’s body image shape and size are typically inaccurate
- participation in regular PA improves the accuracy of self-perceptions regarding the body
