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Microbiology II > Sporozoa (Sporozoan) > Flashcards

Sporozoa (Sporozoan) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

General characteristics of sporozoan

A
  1. They are small and obligate endoparasite of the body fluids and tissues of animal
  2. They do not have apparent organelles of locomotion
  3. They do reproduce by well- developed asexual (shizogony) and sexual (gametocyte production and sporogony) stages
  4. Most form specialized spores or spore- like infective bodies that are transmitted by vectors, food and water
  5. Generally involve two different hosts
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2
Q

Asexual and sexual reproduction of sporozoan

A

Offspring of sexual- sporozite

Offspring of asexual - schizonts or merozoites

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3
Q

Most important pathogens are

A
  1. toxoplasma gondii
  2. cryptosporidium
  3. cyclospora
  4. pneumocystis carinii
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4
Q

Sexual reproduction of malaria

A

Offspring of the host are SPOROZITE

Gametes- zygote(ookinete) — OOcyst —— rupture releases 2 sporocyst — each rupture releases 4 sporozites

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5
Q

Taxoplasma gondii

A

schizogony in all nucleated cells of animals and birds

Domestic cats are the definite host where the sexual reproduction of parasite occurs in intestinal mucosa

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6
Q

Life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii

A

Fecal materials of cat contains oocyst that is resistant to extreme environment ( high heat, dryness ) can survive in moist for several months

Hosts ingest oocyst – breaks open in the intestine and divide asewually and form tachyzoites that can infect other tissues and form pseudocyst that can remain protected against immune system for a long time

+ human is accidental host

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7
Q

Symptoms of Toxoplasma gondii

A
  1. Most asymptomatic
  2. Mild– symptoms such as sore throat, lymph node enlargement and low grade fever
  3. Acute fever, chills headaches, lymphadentis and fatigue
  4. Chronic ( immune compromised patient) rash, hepatitis, encephalomyelitis and myocarditis
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8
Q

Congenital taxoplasmosis

A

When a pregnant women with toxoplasmosis has a 335 chance of transmitting the infection to her fetus

  • occurs during first or second trimester - can lead to still birth ande severe abnormalities
  • women don’t need to be around a cat when prego
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9
Q

Transmission of taxoplasmosis

A

Becomes infected by ingesting oocyst
- accidental - eating improper cooked meat
Prevention good hygiene

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10
Q

Crytosporidium cryptospridiosis

A

Aka parvunm

Intestinal sporozoan that infects mammals and reptile soonatic infection

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11
Q

Life cycle of crytospridiosis

A

Similar to Toxoplasma

Transmission food or water and direct human to human contact

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12
Q

Symptoms of cryptosporidiosis

A

Most are asymptomatic
Headache, vomiting, abdominal pain, watery diarrhea and chronic fluid loss .. not treatment is available
Out break in Georgia in 1987

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13
Q

Cyclospora

A

Similar to C. partum but is milder

Causes self limiting diarrhea (3-4 days) transmission to contaminated water

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14
Q

Pneumocystis carinii

A

New name is Jirvoveci - considered to be a normal parasite

A normal parasite that is normal inhabitant of respiratory tract of human and animals and does not have a serious effect

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15
Q

Plasmodium malaria

A

One of there most prevalent disease killing millions
Transmissions: Vector female ANAPHELE mosquito
Occurs by bite of mosquito, shared needles, blood transfusion and mother of fetus

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16
Q

classification of Plasmodium species (classified by base of paroxysm intervals )

A
  1. P. falciparum (malignant malaria)– every 36 hr
  2. P. vivax (certain malaria)—- every 48 hr
  3. P.Malariae ( Quartian malaria ) —— every 72hrs
  4. P.Ovale (certain malaria )— every 48 hrs
17
Q

Symptoms of Plasmodium

Prodromal symptom

A

Malaise, fatigue, vague aches and nausea

18
Q

Plasmodium most common symptoms

A

Fever, chills

Headache that repeat periodically (paroxysm)

19
Q

Secondary symptoms of Plasmodium

A

Vomiting, diarrhea, low back pain, pain of joints , anorexia and anemia

20
Q

Complications of plasmodium

A
  1. Hemolytic anemia from lysed blood cells
  2. organ enlargement and rupture due to accumulation excess cellular debris in spleen, liver and kidney
  3. Pulmonary failure, cerebral malaria and gastrointestinal disturbance
21
Q

Pathology P. Falciparum

A

Most deadly
tropic— Hemolytic anemia because of invasion of blood cell of all ages (60%) and causes high fever, bloody urine, kidney failure and brain damage

22
Q

Pathology P. Malariae

A

Less severe

Tropic— invade old or aged red blood cells ( under1%)

23
Q

P.Ovale Pathology

A

Less severe

West Africa —- invade immature red blood cells (reticulocytes — under 2%)

24
Q

P.Vivax Pathology

A

Less severe
Tropic and subtopics—- invade immature red blood cells (reticulocytes— under 2%)
This Plasmodium is the most prevalent parasite causing malaria

25
Q

Patient with mild , chronic forms may spontaneously cure after how many years?

A

3-5 years

26
Q

Relapse can be defined in 2 ways….

A
  1. recrudscene

2. recurrence

27
Q

Recrudscene

A

Failure of the immunity or therapy to destroy all parasites such that they rebound and cause clinical symptoms

28
Q

Recurrence

A

Some infected liver cells harbor dormant infective cells for periods of 5-10 years p…activation of dormant parasites results in clinical symptoms

29
Q

Development of Plasmodium parasite is divided into two phases

A
  1. Asexual reproduction in humans

2. Sexual reproduction in mosquito

30
Q

When the mosquito feed on us, it injects_______ directly into out circulatory system and within 30 minutes it gets into the liver and becomes _________

A

Sporozoite

Criptozoite

31
Q

Erythocytic cycle of Plasmodium

A

Merozoite (in liver)> RBC> Trophozoite> Schizont> RBC ruptures> Merozoite release

32
Q

Merozoite differentiate into two types of specialized Gametes

A
  1. Macrogametocyte ( female)

2. Microgametocyte (male)

33
Q

Treatment for Plasmodium

A
  1. chloroquine
  2. Sulfadiaxine
  3. tetracycline
34
Q

Babesia (Babesiasis)

A

Babysit microti:

cause a similar disease as Plasmodium malaria nut milder

35
Q

What is the vector for Babesia

A

A tick and disease will be transmitted by tick bite to human (accidental host)

36
Q

Life cycle of Babesia

A

Similar to Plasmodium

pear shaped trophozoites multiply asexually in RBCs lying in pairs or tetrad

37
Q

Where does the sexual cycle occur (babesia)

A

Occurs in tick that is an indefinitive host

38
Q

Symptoms and pathology for Babesia

A

Resembles malaria possibly with hemolytic anemia and mild spleen and liver disease
Infection occurs in USA (Northeast)

Microbiology II (9 decks)

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