SPOROZOA Flashcards
Where does plasmodium and babesia belong to?
Phylum apicomplexia and class sporozoan
No obvious structure for motility
Sporozoan
Associated with human malaria cases
Plasmodium spp.
4 species of plasmodium that are medically important in humans
P. Falciparum
P. Vivax
P. Malariae
P. Ovale
What plasmodium spp. are responsible for 90% of all human malaria cases?
P. Falciparum
P. Vivax
Normally a parasite of macaques
P. Knowlesi
What is the meaning of the italian word mal’aria?
Bad air
Considered to be the most important parasitic disease affecting man
Malaria
What is the vector of malaria?
Female anopheles mosquito
Principal vector for malaria
Anopheles minimus var. flavirostris
Associated with malaria transmission in Sulu, Mindanao
Anopheles litoralis
Coexist with flavirostis and portion of strain exposed to sunlight
Anopheles maculates
Appears to preferred habitats located in forest fringe
Anopheles mangymus
What is the final host of plasmodium?
Female anopheles mosquito
What is the intermediate host of plasmodium?
Man
What are the infective stages of plasmodium?
Sporozoites (man)
Gametocytes (mosquito)
What is the biological vector of plasmodium?
Anopheles flavirostris
Adult biting of plasmodium
Night biting (indoor and outdoor)
Adult resting in plasmodium
Inside walls
where does the exoerythrocytic schizogony happen?
liver
what does the erythrocytic schizogony produce?
merozoite
what species of plasmodium reinvade the liver to form hypnozoites?
p. vivax
within the red blood cell, the merozoites of plasmodium spp. grow as a ring form developing to what?
trophozoite
what is the male form of the merozoite form of plasmodium?
microgametocyte
what is the female form of merozoite of plasmodium?
macrogametocyte
where does the formation of zygote of plasmodium happen?
gut of the mosquito
what do you call the zygote of plasmodium?
ookinete
ookinete develops into:
oocyst
asexual reproduction of plasmodium
schizogony
where does the erythrocytic cycle (schizogony) happen?
inside the red blood cells
what is the sexual reproduction of plasmodium?
sporogony
the interval from sporozoite injection to detection of parasite in the blood
prepatent period
time between sporozoite injection to the appearance of clinical symptoms
incubation period
pre-patent period of p. falciparum
11-14 days
incubation period of p. falciparum
8-15 days
pre-patent period of p. vivax
11-15 days
incubation period of p. vivax
12-20 days
pre-patent period of malariae
3-4 weeks
incubation period of p malariae
18-40 days
pre-patent period of p. ovale
14-26 days
incubation period of p ovale
11-16 days
size RBC: normal
trophozoite: usually not present
no. of merozoite in schizont: 8-36
stipplings: maurers, stephens, christopher
ring forms: single, multiple
chromatin dot: single, double
applique/accole: present
gametocyte: macro- cresent; micro- banana; sausage shape
stages in peripheral blood: ring forms and gametocytes
P. falciparum
size RBC: enlarged
trophozoite: ameboid
no. of merozoite in schizont: 12-24
stipplings: schuffner
ring forms: single
chromatin dot: single, dense, big
applique/accole: N/A
gametocyte: large, round, oval
stages in peripheral blood: ALL
P. vivax
size RBC: normal or slightly smaller
trophozoite: band form
no. of merozoite in schizont: 6-12 in rosette form
stipplings: Ziemmans
ring forms: single
chromatin dot: single
applique/accole: N/A
gametocyte: large, round, oval
stages in peripheral blood:
p. malariae