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BACTE - FINALS > Spore-Forming, Catalase-Positive Bacilli > Flashcards

Spore-Forming, Catalase-Positive Bacilli Flashcards

1
Q

Bacillus is a gram _____ bacteria.

A

positive

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2
Q

All bacillus are motile, except for _______.

A

Bacillus anthracis

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3
Q

Bacillus is a (spore, non-spore former) bacteria.

A

spore former

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4
Q

Bacillus form spores aerobically and are catalase-_______.

A

catalase-positive

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5
Q

The causative agent of anthrax

A

Bacillus anthracis

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6
Q

These are the two virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis.

A

glutamic acid capsule and anthrax toxin

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7
Q

Three components of the toxin in Bacillus anthracis.

A

protective antigen, edema factor, lethal factor

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8
Q

Protective antigen + edema factor =

A

edema

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9
Q

Protective antigen + lethal factor =

A

death of host cells

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10
Q

The capsule protecting the organism from phagocytosis, is a polypeptide of ________.

A

D-glutamic acid

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11
Q

A common disease of live-stock.

A

A nthrax

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12
Q

These are the four forms of clinical infections of anthrax seen in humans.

A

cutaneous anthrax, inhalation anthrax, gastrointestinal anthrax, injectional anthrax.

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13
Q

Disease associated with inhalation anthrax.

A

Woolsorter’s disease and ragpicker’s disease

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14
Q

This results from the injection of spores into the soft tissues during administration of drugs of abuse.

A

injectional anthrax

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15
Q

A clinical infection that occurs when wounds are contaminated with spores acquired through skin cuts, abrasions, or insect bites.

A

cutaneous anthrax

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16
Q

Refers to the ingestion of Bacillus anthracis spores.

A

gastrointestinal anthrax

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17
Q

The mild form of Wool-sorter’s disease may last from ______ days.

A

2-3 days

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18
Q

This form of anthrax may start as a small pimple or papule at the site of infection, 2-3 days after exposure.

A

cutaneous anthrax

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19
Q

Lesions associated with cutaneous anthrax are called _______.

A

malignant pustule

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20
Q

This form of anthrax can be associated with necrotizing fasciitis, organ failure, shock, coma, and meningitis.

A

injectional anthrax

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21
Q

Three specimens which can be collected to help in the diagnosis of B. anthracis

A

malignant pustule, sputum, blood

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22
Q

B. anthracis is typically isolated from normally sterile sites such as _____________.

A

blood, lung tissue, CSF

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23
Q

Using a spore stain, the vegetative cells of B. anthracis stain ______, and the spores stain _______.

A

red, green

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24
Q

Incubation period of B. anthracis (hours and temp)

A

3-6 hours, 37 degrees Celsius

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25
Q

Appearance of B. anthracis when examined microscopically. This is characterized as large spherical bacilli in chains.

A

string of pearls

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26
Q

Culture media used to isolate B. anthracis.

A

BAP

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27
Q

Is B. anthracis (hemolytic, non-hemolytic) on BAP?

A

non-hemolytic

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28
Q

Consistency of B. anthracis colonies.

A

tenacious consistency

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29
Q

What carbohydrate is being fermented by B. anthracis?

A

glucose

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30
Q

B. anthracis grows in (high, low) salt concentration of ____% NaCl.

A

high, 7%

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31
Q

pH level of B. anthracis

A

<6

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32
Q

B. anthracis is susceptible to what drug?

A

penicillin

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33
Q

This bacillus is a common cause of food poisoning and gastrointestinal disease and opportunistic infection in susceptible hosts.

A

Bacillus cereus

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34
Q

These are the two forms of food poisoning in B. cereus.

A

diarrheal and emetic

35
Q

This form of food poisoning is self-limiting.

A

emetic

36
Q

B. cereus is also known as ________.

A

Fried Rice Bacillus

37
Q

Eye infections associated with B. cereus.

A

endophthalmitis and keratitis with abscess formation

38
Q

Diseases associated with B. cereus.

A

meningitis, septicemia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis

39
Q

This form of food poisoning is caused by heat stable enterotoxin.

A

emetic form

40
Q

This form of food poisoning is from the ingestion of meat or poultry, vegetables and pasta.

A

diarrheal form

41
Q

Incubation period of diarrheal form.

A

8-16 hours

42
Q

This form of food poisoning is caused by heat labile enterotoxin.

A

diarrheal form

43
Q

This form of food poisoning is associated with the ingestion of fried rice.

A

emetic form

44
Q

Specimen used in diagnosing B. cereus.

A

suspected food

45
Q

Cells per gram of food in B. cereus which confirms that food poisoning is caused by this organism.

A

> 10^5

46
Q

Media used to isolate B. cereus.

A

BAP

47
Q

Hemolysis of B. cereus

A

Beta-hemolytic

48
Q

Bacteria most commonly encountered as a laboratory contaminant.

A

Bacillus subtilis

49
Q

Bacillus subtilis is also known as _______.

A

Hay Bacillus

50
Q

Media used to isolate Bacillus subtilis.

A

BAP

51
Q

Hemolytic pattern of B. subtilis

A

beta-hemolytic

52
Q

anaerobic spore-forming bacilli known as clostridia.

A

clostridium

53
Q

All Clostridium are non-encapsulate, except ______.

A

C. perfringens

54
Q

Clostridium: catalase ________; gram ________ bacilli

A

negative, positive

55
Q

The bacteria or the toxins of Clostridium usually enters the body though ingestion or open wounds that have been contaminated with _______.

A

soil

56
Q

Diseases associated with Clostridium.

A

tetanus, gas gangrene (myonecrosis), botulism, food poisoning

57
Q

Clostridium that is most commonly isolated in blood cultures.

A

C. perfringens

58
Q

Two virulence factors of C. perfringens

A

alpha-toxin and enterotoxin

59
Q

Virulence factor in C. perfringens that causes gastrointestinal illness.

A

enterotoxin

60
Q

Virulence factor in C. perfringens that causes tissue necrosis.

A

alpha-toxin

61
Q

C. perfringens hemolytic pattern: inner zone: ________; outer zone: _______

A

beta, alph

62
Q

Two types of food poisoning in C. perfringens.

A

Type A and C

63
Q

Causes myonecrosis or gas gangrene

A

C. perfringens

64
Q

Type of food poisoning in C. perfringens that is more serious and can cause enteritis necroticans.

A

Type C

65
Q

Type of food poisoning in C. perfringens which is mild and self-limiting GI illness.

A

Type A

66
Q

Incubation period of Type A food poisoning.

A

8-30 hours

67
Q

Incubation period of Type C food poisoning.

A

5-6 hours

68
Q

Type of food poisoning in C. perfringens that is followed by necrotic inflammation of the small intestine that may lead to bowel perforation.

A

Type C

69
Q

Fluid filled blisters in gas gangrene.

A

Bullae

70
Q

Also known as canned food bacillus

A

C. botulinum

71
Q

Virulence factor of Clostridium botulinum.

A

botulism toxin

72
Q

Hemolytic pattern of C. botulinum

A

beta hemolytic

73
Q

Clinical manifestations of C. botulinum may develop as early as _____ hours or as late as ____ days.

A

2 hours, 3-8 days

74
Q

Possible treatments for C. botulinum

A

antitoxin, supportive care

75
Q

Two types of botulism

A

Infant and Wound

76
Q

Type of botulism that have clinical manifestations similar to that of the foodborne botulism.

A

Wound botulism

77
Q

Contaminated honey is most implicated in this type of botulism.

A

Infant botulism

78
Q

Also known as flappy baby syndrome.

A

Infant botulism

79
Q

This is a soil and environmental inhabitant.

A

Clostridium tetani

80
Q

Virulence factor of C. tetani.

A

tetanospasmin (neurotoxin) paralysis

81
Q

C. tetani: gelatinase (positive, negative); lecithinase (positive, negative)

A

positive, negative

82
Q

Cells with terminal spores in C. tetani appear as _____.

A

drumstick or tennis racket

83
Q

This disease causes spastic type of paralysis with continuous muscle spasm leading to trismus or lockjaw.

A

tetanus

84
Q

Vaccine used in treating tetanus.

A

diptheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine

BACTE - FINALS (5 decks)

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