Non-fermenters Flashcards
media we can use to group non fermenters
OF media and TSI
non fermenters are gram ______
gram negative
shape of non fermenters
bacilli or coccobacilli
The non-fermenters are grouped together based on
their inability to _____carbohydrates, that is to produce
acid from sugars anaerobically
ferment
Some non-fermenters can utilize sugars aerobically
and they are termed __
oxidizers
Others do not utilize or
break down carbohydrates at all and they are called
asaccharolytic or non-oxidizers.
test that can differentiate non fermenters from Enterobacteriaceae
oxidase test
result of non fermenters in oxidase test
positive
clinical infections of nonfermenters
septicemia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, and
wound infection
The non-fermenters are notoriously known for
colonizing or infecting hospitalized patients and the immunocompromised. Thatโs why we can classify them as (opportunistic or true pathogen) ?
opportunistic
Species under this group also tend to be ___ to
multiple classes of antibiotics
resistant
result of non fermenters in slant or butt of TSI or LIA
K/K No acid production
GIVE THE CHARACTERISTIC OF Pseudomonads
gram _____
type of respiration:
motility:
oxidase:
catalase:
mcconkey:
oxidizer or nonoxidizer:
spore forming capability:
gram negative bacillus
aerobic
motile
oxidase +
catalase +
grows on mcconkey
oxidizer
non-spore forming
genus pseudomonas are catalase positive except
Pseudomonas luteolus and P. oryzihabitan
โ Most commonly isolated species under genus pseudomonas
pseudomonas aeruginosa
the leading cause of
nosocomial respiratory tract infections
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is a disease characterized by thick
and sticky mucus which can clog the lungs. The
secretions
Cystic fibrosis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is also referred to as the agent of ___ because wound and burn infections typically give rise to blue-green colored pus.
blue pus
Otitis caused by P. aeruginosa is sometimes referred to as ___. That is why it has been implicated in ear infections, especially in
individuals with aquatic exposure such as swimmers and
divers
swimmerโs ear.
P. aeruginosa also a known cause of_____, a type of dermatitis commonly found in users
of such recreational facilities.
jacuzzi or hot tub
syndrome
P. aeruginosa also causes ____associated with the use of contaminated contact lens solution.
keratitis
Virulence factors of P. aeruginosa
Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), motility, pili, capsule, and exotoxins
most important exotoxin for P. aeruginosa is
exotoxin A
How exotoxin A works?
functions similarly to diphtheria toxin by blocking protein synthesis
Members of the Pseudomonas fluorescence group produce ___, which is a yellow green or yellow brown pigment.
pyoverdine
Most strains of P. aeruginosa will also produce
a blue pigment called ___
pyocyanin
a pigment that is unique to P. aeruginosa
pyocyanin
what type of hemolysis does P.aeruginosa produced in BAP?
b-hemolysis
odor produced by P.aeruginosa
produce a fruity, grape-like
odor
the odor produced by P. aeruginosa is caused by the presence of
2-aminoacetophenone.
SCA test result of P. aeruginosa
citrate positive
is a medium used in identification of P. aeruginosa
Cetrimide agar
P. aeruginosa ;
When isolated from a cystic fibrosis patient, ___colonies are sometimes observed.
mucoid
P. aeruginosa is resistant to :
Resistant:
- Penicillin
- Ampicillin
- 1st and 2nd generation cephalosporins
- Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
- Chloramphenicol
- Tetracyclines
P. aeruginosa is susceptible to
Susceptible:
- Aminoglycosides
- Semisynthetic penicillins
- 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins
- Carbapenems and fluoroquinolones
Isolated from respiratory specimen, contaminated
blood products, urine, cosmetics, hospital equipment,
and fluids
P. fluorescens and P. putida
P. fluorescens and P. putida can grow at what temperature
4 degree celcius
they have been linked to transfusion-associated
septicemia.
Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida
P. fluorescens and P. putida Produce acid from ___
xylose
P. fluorescens and P. putida are differentiated by ___
gelatin hydrolysis
Gelatin hydrolysis can be used to differentiate the two species from each other; _____ is negative and _____ is positive
P. putida is negative and P.
fluorescens is positive
P. fluorescens and P. putida are resistant to
carbenicillin and SXT
P. fluorescens and P. putida are susceptible to
aminoglycosides, polymyxin, and
piperacillin
Characterized by wrinkled, leathery, adherent colonies
that may produce a light-yellow or brown pigment
P. stutzeri
type of hemolysis of acinetobacter
not applicable, both species of acinetobacter is non-hemolytic
2 species of acinetobacter
A. baumanii and A. lwoffii
Acinetobacter ____is capable of oxidizing glucose while Acinetobacter ____ cannot.
Acinetobacter baumanii is capable of oxidizing glucose while Acinetobacter lwoffii cannot.
characteristics of acinetobacter
oxidase:
catalase:
motility:
hemolysis:
respiration:
oxidase negative
catalase positive
nonmotile
non-hemolytic
strictly aerobic
A. ____is saccharolytic, A. ____ is assacharolytic
A. baumanii is saccharolytic, A. lwoffii is assacharolytic
A. _____is resistant to penicillins, 1st and 2nd generation cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones
baumanni
A. ____ is susceptible to almost all antimicrobials
lwofii
This bacteria can grow in routine isolation media such as MacConkey agar, in which they sometimes appear as purplish colonies (which resembles a lactose fermenting
organism)
acinetobacter
is the third most
common nonfermentative, gram-negative bacillus
isolated in the clinical laboratory.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
โ When isolated, it is initially regarded as a saprophyte
or colonizer, instead of a pathogen
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Appears bluish on MacConkey
S. maltophilia
S. maltophilia are susceptible to
SXT
Its name
collectively means affinity to malt which refers to the acid production of S. maltophilia from ____and not glucose
maltose
The ____ contains plant pathogens that have arisen as opportunistic organisms
Burkholderia cepacia complex
Burkholderia were Usually associated with patients who has ___
pneumonia with
cystic fibrosis or chronic granulomatous disease
detects the production of the enzyme
ฮฒ-galactosidase. The positive result is indicated
by the development of a yellow color after
incubation
o-nitrophenyl-ฮฒ-Dgalactopyranoside or ONPG (+)
Burkholderia are resistant to aminoglycosides and
polymyxins
and are susceptible to chloramphenicol, ceftazidime,
piperacillin, minocycline, fluoroquinolones, and SXT
can burkholderia grow on McConkey agar?
yes
describe the colonies of burkholderia
colonies are non-wrinkled, and can produce a non fluorescing yellow or green pigment
causes glanderโs disease, a respiratory tract zoonosis primarily affecting livestocks such as horses, mules, and donkeys.
B. mallei
This organism is considered to be a potential bioterrorism agent.
B. mallei
B. mallei is resistant to
polymyxin
B. mallei Treatment includes ____
ceftazidime, imipenem, doxycycline, and tetracycline
causes melioidosis, a pulmonary disease; a glandulars-like disease
B. pseudomallei
also called as vietnamese time bomb
B. pseudomallei
describe the colony of pseudomallei
The colonies appear wrinkled, much like Pseudomonas stutzeri. P. stutzeri, however, does not utilize lactose in contrast with B. pseudomallei
The organism would typically demonstrate bipolar staining with gram stain which can be described as having a safety pin appearance
B. pseudomallei
medium used to identify B. pseudomallei
Ashdown medium, resulted to a deep pink colony with earthy odor
B. pseudomallei includes Treatment
includes SXT and fluoroquinolones
