Spoken Language Vocab

Question 1

GASP/MAFF

Answer 1

genre, audience, subject, purpose/mode, audience, field, function.

Question 2

Speaker identity

Answer 2

identification of a person from the sound of their voice, use of lexis, grammatical structures. Age, gender, class, ethnicity, and occupation…

Question 3

Situational factors

Answer 3

relationship with the audience, status of the participants, setting, topic, purpose, comfort, spontaneous vs crafted.

Question 4

Paralinguistic features

Answer 4

body language, gestures, facial expressions, tone and pitch of voice.

Question 5

Overlapping

Answer 5

when a speaker’s speech overlaps anothers.

Question 6

Micro pause

Answer 6

a pause in speech less than a second.

Question 7

Rising intonation

Answer 7

describes how the voice rises at the end of a sentence.

Question 8

Emphatic stress

Answer 8

the placing of emphasis on a particular word of a sentence.

Question 9

Adjacency pairs

Answer 9

composed of two utterances by two speakers, one after the other.

Question 10

Turn taking

Answer 10

during an interaction, speakers take it in turns to speak - this is a politeness feature.

Question 11

Backchannel support

Answer 11

one participant is speaking and another participant interjects responses to the speaker.

Question 12

Fillers

Answer 12

words, sounds, or phrases we use to “fill in” the space when we don’t know what to say.

Question 13

Tag questions

Answer 13

a question converted from a statement by an appended interrogative formula, e.g. it’s nice out, isn’t it?

Question 14

Topic markers

Answer 14

how to identify the main topic of a conversation.

Question 15

Topic shifters

Answer 15

when the topic shifts to something else during a conversation.

Question 16

Topic loops

Answer 16

when the conversations loops back to a previous topic.

Question 17

Idiolect

Answer 17

the speech habits peculiar to a particular person.

Question 18

Sociolect

Answer 18

the dialect of a particular social class.

Question 19

Accent

Answer 19

a distinctive way of pronouncing a language, especially one associated with a particular country, area, or social class.

Question 20

Dialect

Answer 20

a particular form of a language which is peculiar to a specific region or social group (choice of lexis and grammar).

Question 21

Interrupted constructions

Answer 21

false starts e.g. “You shouldn’t - you shouldn’t have done that”.

Question 22

Disjointed constructions

Answer 22

two phrases which don’t seem to go together.

Question 23

Incomplete constructions

Answer 23

grammatical elements are missing e.g. “You get sorted?”.

Question 24

Non-standard grammar

Answer 24

using double negatives or informality e.g. “We was half an hour late”.

Question 25

Maxim of quality

Answer 25

where one tries to be truthful, and does not give information that is false or that is not supported by evidence.

Question 26

Maxim of quantity

Answer 26

where one tries to be as informative as one possibly can, and gives as much information as is needed, and no more.

Question 27

Maxim of manner

Answer 27

when one tries to be as clear, as brief, and as orderly as one can in what one says, and where one avoids obscurity and ambiguity.

Question 28

Maxim of relevance

Answer 28

where one tries to be relevant, and says things that are pertinent to the discussion.

Question 29

Positive politeness

Answer 29

makes the hearer feel good about themselves, interests, or possessions.

Question 30

Negative politeness

Answer 30

strategies involve showing respect for someone’s autonomy and minimising imposition.