Spoken Language Features Flashcards

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1
Q

Accent

A

Features of pronunciation which indicate the regional or social identity of the speaker

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2
Q

Adjecency pairs

A

2-part exchanges following a predictable pattern and found in conversation ex: how are you? fine thank you

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3
Q

Back-channel

A

Words, phrases and non-verbal utterances used by a listener to give feedback to a speaker that the message is being followed and understood ex: I see, oh, uh huh, really

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4
Q

Contraction

A

When words are combined to form a single shortened word

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5
Q

Deixis

A

Words such as this, that, here or there which refer backwards or forwards or outside the text. A context dependant feauture of talk.

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6
Q

Dialect

A

Form of speech peculiar to a district, class or person

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7
Q

Discourse marker

A

Words and phrases used to signal the relationship and connections between utterances and to make sure that what is said can be followed by the listener or reader ex: first, on the other hand, now, so anyway, what’s more

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8
Q

Elision

A

Omission or slurring of one or more sounds or syllables ex: gonna, wannabe, wassup

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9
Q

Ellipsis

A

Omission of part of a grammatical structure. Ex: You going to the party?/ Might be.

Conveys a more casual and informal tone

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10
Q

False start

A

When speaker begins an utterance, stops and either repeats it or reformulates it.

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11
Q

Filler

A

Items which don’t have a particular meaning but are inserted in speech to allow time to think, create a pause or hold a turn in conversation. Ex: er, um, ah

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12
Q

Grice’s Maxims

A

He proposed 4 basic conversational maxims for successful conversation:

  1. Quantity
  2. Relevance
  3. Manner
  4. Quality
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13
Q

Hedge

A

Words/phrases which soften/weaken the force of something said ex: perhaps, maybe, sort of , possibly, I think.

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14
Q

Idiolect

A

Form of language used by, and unique to, a single individual

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15
Q

Interactional talk

A

Language in conversation used for interpersonal reasons and/or socialising

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16
Q

Non-fluency features

A

Features that interrupt the flow of a person’s speech ex: hesitation, repetitions, interruptions, fillers, false starts

17
Q

Paralinguistic features

A

Related to body language- use of gestures, facial expressions and other non-verbal elements such as laughter that add meaning to speaker’s message

18
Q

Phatic talk

A

Utterances that have the purpose of establishing or maintaining personal relationships. Related to small talk and follows traditional patterns ex: cold, isn’t it? Freezing

19
Q

Pragmatics

A

Study of the part that language plays in social situations and social relationships

20
Q

Prosodic features

A

Non-verbal aspects of speech such as volume, intonation and pitch- used by speakers to mark key meanings in a message

21
Q

Repairs

A

Repair resolves a problem that has arisen ex: speakers might correct themselves if something has been said in error

22
Q

Sociolect

A

Variety of language used by a particular social group ex: working-class speech or upper-class speech

23
Q

Tag question

A

Words added to declarative sentences to turn the statement into a question and influence the answer ex: it’s cold, isn’t it?

24
Q

Transactional talk

A

Language to get things done or transmit info (exchange of goods and services)

25
Q

Turn taking

A

When participants speak in an orderly arrangement with minimal overlap and gap between them

26
Q

Utterance

A

Complete unit of talk, bounded by the speaker’s silence

27
Q

Vague language

A

Statements that sound imprecise ex: and so on, whatsit, whatever