Spoken Language Features Flashcards
Accent
Features of pronunciation which indicate the regional or social identity of the speaker
Adjecency pairs
2-part exchanges following a predictable pattern and found in conversation ex: how are you? fine thank you
Back-channel
Words, phrases and non-verbal utterances used by a listener to give feedback to a speaker that the message is being followed and understood ex: I see, oh, uh huh, really
Contraction
When words are combined to form a single shortened word
Deixis
Words such as this, that, here or there which refer backwards or forwards or outside the text. A context dependant feauture of talk.
Dialect
Form of speech peculiar to a district, class or person
Discourse marker
Words and phrases used to signal the relationship and connections between utterances and to make sure that what is said can be followed by the listener or reader ex: first, on the other hand, now, so anyway, what’s more
Elision
Omission or slurring of one or more sounds or syllables ex: gonna, wannabe, wassup
Ellipsis
Omission of part of a grammatical structure. Ex: You going to the party?/ Might be.
Conveys a more casual and informal tone
False start
When speaker begins an utterance, stops and either repeats it or reformulates it.
Filler
Items which don’t have a particular meaning but are inserted in speech to allow time to think, create a pause or hold a turn in conversation. Ex: er, um, ah
Grice’s Maxims
He proposed 4 basic conversational maxims for successful conversation:
- Quantity
- Relevance
- Manner
- Quality
Hedge
Words/phrases which soften/weaken the force of something said ex: perhaps, maybe, sort of , possibly, I think.
Idiolect
Form of language used by, and unique to, a single individual
Interactional talk
Language in conversation used for interpersonal reasons and/or socialising