spoken language Flashcards
who came up with the cooperative principles?
Grice
what are grice’s cooperative principles?
quantity - get idea across by saying enough.
relevance - assume response has some relevance to topic.
manner - speaking in same register.
quality - assume person is telling truth
people in conversation usually have share goals however some people may flout.
who came up with accommodation theory?
Giles.
what is giles’s accommodation theory?
idea that we converge to person we’re speaking to to show similarities or diverge to highlight differences.
downward convergence is 1 person moving down lang continuum and upward convergence is when 1 person moves up continuum and mutual is meeting in the middle.
what does goffman talk about in his face theory?
the image which we present to others.
to preserve face - don’t interrupt, praise, back channelling, hedging, tag Qs.
to challenge face - interrupt, imperatives, assertive modals.
what do brown and levinson say on politeness?
politeness preserves relationship
positive politeness - praising
negative politeness - not taking away their power
what are the 3 politeness principles and whose are they?
Lakoff! my queen x
give options
make receiver feel good
don’t impose - to preserve face
who talks about restricted and elaborated codes?
Bernstein
what does bernstein say about language codes?
m/c have access to both but w/c only have access to restricted
elaborate codes - extensive vocab, articulate, conjunctions (used in school)
restricted code - basic, slang, nonstandard (informal)
who argued that people are more likely to assume regional accent is guilty of crime?
dixon, mahoney and cox
what is accent?
way you pronounce words
what is dialect?
grammar, lexis, semantics
what is RP?
received pronunciation - prestiged english accent
what is standard english?
the prestiged english dialect
what is regional dialect?
grammar, lexis and semantics used in a particular place
