language and power - advising/instructing Flashcards
why is lexis and grammar often repetitive in instructions?
focus and function is so narrow.
what is an epistemic modal verb?
modal verb which suggests speculation. saves face (lakoffs politeness)
examples of epistemic modal verbs?
may, might, could, would
what 2 types of power may use epistemic modal verbs?
referrant and influencial.
what is a deontic modal verb?
modal verbs which indicate regulation and obligation and challenge face.
examples of deontic modal verbs?
should, will, must, can , ought.
what kind of language encourages someone to believe what you’re saying?
archac, latinate, technical, overt prestige.
what is instrumental power?
legitimate authority to exert power, eg police, teachers, judges, lawyers.
what is influencial power?
individuals or groups influence peoples behaviour, eg family, friends, media, adverts.
what is discourse?
stretch of language longer than a sentence, can refer to distinictive language used in certain contexts, eg legal or religous discourse.
what does Fairclough argue about discourse?
we are ideologically positioned as social subjects and language is governed by specific discourse conventions. even in family lang is used in ways which are subject to social convention.
french and raven’s 5 bases of power?
legitimate - formal rights to.
reward
coercive - threatening
expert
referent - celebs.
