Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Heme II > spleen and thymus > Flashcards

spleen and thymus Flashcards

1
Q

red pulp

A

traversed by numerous thin walled sinusoids separated by cords of billroth
endothelium lining sinusoids discontinuous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cords

A

contain labyrinth of macros loosley connected vi along dendritic processes
physical and functional barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

open circulation

A

thru capillaries into cords -> sinusoids

only small percentage, but over course of the day filters entire blood volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

closed circuit

A

blood passes rapidly and directly from capillaries into splenic vv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

white pulp follciles

A

artery w/eccentric collar of T cells -> periarteriolar lymphatic sheath
at intervals the sheath expands to from lymphoid nodules of B cells which can create germinal centers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

functions of spleen

A

phagocytosis of blood cells and particulate matter
Ab production
hematopoiesis
sequestration of formed blood elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

phagocytosis of blood and partciulates

A

red cells that get stuck are phagocytosed by macros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pitting of RBC

A

process by which splenic macros excise inclusions to remove particles such as bacteria from blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ab production

A

DCs in periarterial lymph sheath trap Ags present to T cells which activate B cells which mature to Ab producing plasma cells in red pulp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

hematopoiesis

A

fetal

compensatory extramedullary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

sequestration of formed blood elements

A

splenomegaly can cause an increase in WBCs stored in spleen -> thrombocytopenia, leukopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

aplenic suscpeitble to

A

S. pneumoniae
Mengiococcal
H. influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

hyperspenism

A

anemia
leukopenia
thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

non specific acute splenitis

A

blood borne infection

due to microbes themselves and cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

non specific acute splenitis morphology

A

200-400gm and soft
acute congested red pulp, may encroach and efface lymph follicles
neutrophils, plasma cells, and eos may be in white and red pulp
white pulp may undergo necorsis
rarely abscesses form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

congestive splenomegaly

A

due to chornic venus outflow obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

systemic or central venous congestion

A 
cardiac decompensation (right)
spleen rarely exceeds 500gm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cirrhosis of liver

A

main cause of massive congestive splenomegaly
schistosomiasis causes pipe-stem massive fibrosis
diffuse cirrhosis of alcoholics and pigment cirrhosis also cause profound enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

spontaneous portal v thrombosis

A

associated w/intrahepatic obstructive disease or inflammation of portal v after intraperitoneal infections

20
Q

morphology of congestive splenomegaly

A

long standing congestion produces marked enlargements
organ firm, capsule thickened fibrotic
red pulp fibrotic and cellular
elevated protal venous pressure stimulates collagen deposition in BM of sinusoids -> appear dilated
excessive destruction of RBCs

21
Q

CA associated w/splenomegaly

A 
HL
NHL 
lymphocytic leukemias
MM
MPD
22
Q

Inflammatory conditions associated w/splenomegaly

A

RA

SLE

23
Q

storage disease associated w/splenomegaly

A

gaucher disease
Niemann-picj
mucopolyaccharidoses

24
Q

splenic infacts

A

common lesions due to emboli usually from heart

25
Q

bland infarcts

A

pale, wedge shaped, subcasular

overlying capsule covered w/fibrin

26
Q

septic infarcts

A

supportive necorsis

large depressed scars when healed

27
Q

neoplasm of spleen

A

rare except in meyloid and lymphoid tumors

28
Q

benign tumors or spleen

A 
fibrosma
osteomas
chondroma
most common are lymphangioms and hemangiomas 
often cavernous
29
Q

infections that increase risk of splenic rupture

A

mono
malaria
typhoid fever
lymphoid neoplams

30
Q

thymus cortical epithelium

A

polygonal

abundant cytoplasm w/dendritic extensions that contact adjacent cells

31
Q

thymus medullary epithelium

A

densely packed often spindle shaped and scant cytoplasm

no interconnecting processes

32
Q

hassel corpuscles

A

whorls of medullary epi with characteristic keratinzed cores

33
Q

thymic hypoplasia

A

DiGeroge syndrome
severe defects in T cell immunity
other defects due to 22q11 deletion

34
Q

isolated thymic cyts

A

uncommon lesions discovered incidentally
lined by stratified or columnar epi
serous or mucinous
can be secondary to CA so if symptomatic should be investigated

35
Q

thymic hyperplasia

A

appearance of B cell germinal centers w/in thymus more correctly termed thymic follicular hyperplasia

36
Q

causes of thymic follicular hyperplasia

A 
chronic inflammatory and immunological states
Most frequently due to myasthenia gravis
SLE
scleroderma
RA
37
Q

thyomas

A

tumors of thymic epi

38
Q

suptypes of thyomas

A

cytologically benign and noninvasice
cytologically benign but invasive
cytologcially malignant (thymic carcinoma)

39
Q

thyoma stats

A

rare in kids
M=F
most in superior mediastinum
sometimes occur in neck, thyroid, pulmonary hilus or elsewhere

40
Q

thyomas morphology

A

lobulated, firm gray-white
areas of cystic necrosis and calcification
most encapsulated, but can rupture and infiltrate perithymic tissues and structures

41
Q

non invasive thyomas

A

medullary type epi or mixture of medullary and cortical

spare inflitrate of thymocytes

42
Q

invasive thyomas

A

coritcal epi w/abundant cyto and rounded vesicular nuclei
numerous thermocytes
sometimes cytological atypia
ruptures thru capsule

43
Q

thymic carcinoma

A

fleshy obviously invasive
mets to lung
squamous cell carcinomas are most common
lymphoepithlioma-like carcinomas next most common

44
Q

lymphoepithlioma-like carcinomas

A

sheets of cells w/indistinct borders
close histological resembles to nasopharyngeal carcinoma
50% EBV

45
Q

thyomas clinical

A

40% present with symptoms due to impingement on mediastinal structures
30-45% detected while evaluating myasthenia gravis

46
Q

autoimmune conditions associated w/thyomas

A 
MG
hypogammaglobulinemia
pure red cell aplasia
graves disease
pernicious anemia
dermatomyositis-polymyositis
cushings

Heme II (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions