Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Heme II > chemo drugs > Flashcards

chemo drugs Flashcards

1
Q

alkylating agents

A 
nitrogen mustards
mehtyhydrazine derivative
alkyl sulfonate
nitrosoureas
triazenes
platinum coordination complexes
not cell cycle specific
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

nitrogen mustards

A

cyclophosphamide

ifosfamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

alkyl suflonate

A

busulfan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

platinum coordination complexes

A

cisplatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

antimetabolites

A

Folic acid analogs
pyrimidine analogs
purine analogs
cell cycle specific (S)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

folic acid analogs

A

methotrexate (MTX)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pyrimidine analogs

A

fluorouracil (5-FU)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

purine analogs

A

mercaptopurine (6-MP_

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

natural products

A 
vinca alkaloids
taxanes
epipofophyllotoxins
camptothecins
antibiotics
echionocandins
anthracenedione
enzymes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

vinca alkaloids

A

vineblastine

vincristine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

taxanes

A

paclitaxel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

epipodophyollotoxins

A

etopodise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

antibiotics

A

doxorubicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

anthracenedione

A

bleomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

enzymes

A

L-asparaginase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

proteins tyrosine kinase inhibitos

A

Imatinib

all end in tinib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

monoclonal Abs

A

trastuxumab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

rescue agents

A

leucovorin

Mesna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

agents to minimize adverse effects

A

filgrastim and pegfilgrastin
erythopoietin
ondansetron (serotonin antagonist)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

primary induction chemo

A

Tx for advanced stage with no other alternative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

A

localized cancer for which surgery or radiation are not effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

adjuvant chemo

A

reduce incidence of both local and systemic recurrence and increase overall survival

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cell cycle

A

G0 -> G1 -> S -> G2 -> M

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

G1

A

preceded DNA synthesis

synthesis of DNA componenets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

S

A

DNA synthesase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

G2

A

synthesis of components for division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

M

A

mitosis

divides into 2 cells which can enter G1 or G0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

intermittent high dose therapy

A

most common

better for phase non-specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

continuous effusion

A

drugs that are rapidly metabolised and/or excreted

better for cell cycle specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

resistance pathways

A

decreased drug transport into cells
reduced drug affinity due to mutations of drug target
increased expression of enzymes that inactivate drug
increased expression of DNA repair enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

multidrug resistance

A

MDR1 gene -> P-glycoprotein -> pumps (ATP dependent) drug out of tumor cells
may be inhibited by CaCh blocers (verapamil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

highly dividing cells at high risk for toxicity

A 
bone marrow
FI tract
hair folicles
buccal mucosa
sperm forming cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

nadir

A

blood count low point due to cehmo

usually 10-14 days after Tx and recover in 21-28 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

sargramostim

A

GM-CSF to stimulate WBC proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

filgrastim and pegfilgrastim

A

G-CSF to stimulate WBC proliferation

36
Q

oprelvekin

A

counteract thrombocytopenia

IL11

37
Q

erythropoietin and darbpoetin

A

RBC proliferation

38
Q

anti-emetics

A 
serotonin antagonists- ondansetron
promethiazine
cannabionoids
benxos
corticosteroids
39
Q

stomatis

A

inflammation of oral mucosa that may cause painful ulcers

good oral hygiene and topical anesthetics

40
Q

skeletal complications

A

fractures and pain

bisphosphonates

41
Q

Alkylating agents MOA

A

covalent bonds in DNA -> strand corssing -> cannot unwind and stand breakage
non cell cycle specific (but most effective in S)

42
Q

alkylating adverse effects

A

nausea, vomiting, tissue damage at site of injection, meylosupression, secondary malignancies (AML)

43
Q

Cyclophosphamide adverse effects

A

hemorrhagic cystits

prevented by Mesna

44
Q

cisplatin adverse effects

A

nephrotoxic- routine hydration and diureiss

ototoxic- more in kids

45
Q

Bulsulfan adverse effects

A

hyperpigmentation
pulmonary fibrosis
adrenal insufficiency

46
Q

methotrexate MOA

A

folic acid analog
inhibits dihyrofolate reductase and blocks voncersion of folic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid
cannot synthesize thymidylate, purines, serine, and methionine

47
Q

low doses methotrexate

A

used to Tx other conditons such as RA, colitis, psoriasis

48
Q

leucovorin

A

rescues healthy cells from methotrexate toxicity

49
Q

methotrexate adverse effects

A 
mucosistis
diarrhea
myelosupression (thrombocytopenia and neutropenia)
nuasea, vomiting
immunosupression
hepatotoxic
fatigue
50
Q

Fluorouracil MOA

A

purine analog prodrug
covalently binds thymidylate synthetase and blocks synthesis of thymidylate
interferes with DNA synthesis, DNA fnx, RNA processing, mRNA translation
S phase specific

51
Q

5-FU uses

A

most widely used agent for colorectal CA

52
Q

5-FU adverse effects

A

anorexia, nausea, stomatitis, diarrhea

53
Q

Mercaptopurine (6-MP) MOA

A

purine analog
inhibits purine synthesis and DNA and RNA synthesis
S phase

54
Q

Mercaptopurine metabolism

A

first pass large effect

when given PO with allopurinol dose must be decreased by 50-75%

55
Q

vinca alkaloids MOA

A

bind beta tubulin and inhibit microtubule assembly

M phase

56
Q

vinca alkaloid drug resistance

A

efflux pump P-glycoprotein

57
Q

vinca alkaloids adverse rxns

A

hair loss and local cellulits
vinblastine- myelosupression
vincristine- neurologic

58
Q

paclitaxel MOA

A

taxane

bind to beta-tubulin and promotre microtubule formation and stabalization

59
Q

paclitaxel adverse effects

A

bone marrow depression
peripheral fluid sensory neuropathy
fluid retention
neutropenia

60
Q

epipodophyllotoxins MOA

A

etoposide and teniposide
inhibit topoisomerase II -> DNA damage thru strand breakage
late S-G2 phase

61
Q

epipodophyllotoxins adverse effects

A

common chemo side affects

62
Q

anthracyclines MOA

A

doxorubicin
-inhibits topoisomerase II
-intercalates DNA and blocks synthesis of DNA and RNA synthesis
-generates semiquinone and oxygen free radicals
-binds to cellular membranes changing fluidity and transport
not specific to cell cycle phase

63
Q

anthracyclines Adverse effects

A 
nausea, 
red urine
alopencia
myelosupression
stomatitis
cadiotoxic (due to ROS)
64
Q

Bleomycin MOA

A

binds DNA -> single and double stranded breaks and inhibits synthesis
G2 specific

65
Q

bleomycin adverse effects

A 
pulmonary toxicity: pneumonia, cough, dyspnea, crackes, infiltrates
allergic rxns
fever
hypotension
skin toxicity
mucosisits
alopecia
66
Q

asparaginase MOA

A

hydrolyzes circulting l-asparagine into aspartic acid and ammonia blocking protein synthesis
G1
ALL

67
Q

asparaginase adverse effects

A

acute hypersensitivity rxn
increased risk of clotting and bleeding
pancreatitis
CNS

68
Q

imatinib

A

inhibits tyrosine kinase domain of Bcr-Abl onocprotein preventing phosphorylation of kinase substrate
inhibits the kinase PDGFR, stem cell factor, and c-kit

69
Q

uses of imatinib

A

CML with Philadelphia chrom (9;22)

GI stomal tumors expressing c-kit

70
Q

imatinib adverse effects

A

myelosupression
fluid retention
diarrhea
myalgias

71
Q

trastuzumab MOA

A

bind to HER2/neuR (ErbB-3)

expressed in breast CA blocking proliferation

72
Q

trastuzumab adverse effects

A

cardiotoxic

must monitor ventricular fnx and be discontinued if damage occurs

73
Q

what metabolite of what drug causes hemorrhagic cystitis and

A

acrolein

cyclophosphamide

74
Q

cytarabine

A

aka ara-C

pyrimidine analog

75
Q

cytarabine MOA

A

competitively inhibits DNA polymerase alpha and beta
blocking synthesis and repair
S-phase
only works in hematological tumors

76
Q

cytarabine adverse reactions

A

myelosupression, mucositis, nausea, vomiting, and neurotoxic at high doses

77
Q

why does allopurinol increase 6-MP

A

because it is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor

78
Q

other inhibitors of Bcr-Abl

A

dasatinib

nilotinib

79
Q

TK inhibitor that blocks EGFR

A

erotinib
geftinib
used for Tx of non-small cell lung CA

80
Q

TK inhibitor that blocks HER2

A

lapatinib

less cardiotoxic then trastuzumab

81
Q

rituximab

A

CD20 (proliferation and differentiation)

82
Q

Alemtuzumab

A

CD52

83
Q

Gemtuzumab

A

CD33

84
Q

Cetuximab

A

EGFR (TK)

85
Q

Bevacizumab

A

VEGF

86
Q

ibritumomab

A

CD20 (proliferation and differentiation)

87
Q

tositumomab

A

CD20 (proliferation and differentiation)

Heme II (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions