Spirometry

Question 1

Name all the parts of this spirometry reading

Answer 1

Question 2

What is tidal volume

Answer 2

Volume of air being moved in and out during quiet breathing

Question 3

What is inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 3

Volume of air breathed in during forced inspiration. Max inspiration on top of tidal volume

Question 4

What is expiratory reserve volume

Answer 4

Volume of air breathed out during forced expiratoin. Max expiration on top of tidal volume

Question 5

What is residual volume

Answer 5

Volume of air left in the lungs and not expired during expiration

Question 6

What is inspiratory capacity and how is it calculated

Answer 6

From end of quiet respiration to maximum inspiration

V_T + IRV

Question 7

What is functional residual capactiy and how is it calculated

Answer 7

Volume of air in the lungs at the end of quiet expiration

ERV + RV

Question 8

What is vital capacity and how is it calculated

Answer 8

Difference between peak inspiratory and peak expiratory

Inspiratory reserve + expiratory reserve

Question 9

What is forced vital capacity

Answer 9

Maximal amount of air that the patient can forcibly exhale after taking a maximal inhalation

Question 10

What is FEV1

Answer 10

Volume exhalaed in the first second when measuring forced vital capacity

Question 11

What is peak expiratory flow

Answer 11

Maximal speed of airflow as the patient exhales

Question 12

What are forced flow-volume measurements used for

Answer 12

Show how much air the paitent can blow out

Show how fast air is expelled

Show pattern of change in flow-volume curve - can indicate obstruction site

Show response to treatment

Show changes with age or growth

Show disease progression

Question 13

What are volume time graphs

Answer 13

Volume time graphs show changes in volume during expiration over time and help to show restrictive or obstructive defects

Question 14

How does an obstructive defect appear on a volume-time graph

Answer 14

Obstructive defect narrows the airway -> reduces speed at which air can be breathed out

FVC is nearly normal

FEV1 is reduced

FEV1/FVC ratio < 70%

Question 15

How does a restrictive defect appear on a volume-time graph

Answer 15

Restrictive defects reduce the FVC by decreasing the compliancy of the lungs

FVC is reduced

FEV1 is reduced proportionally

FEV1/FVC ratio is normal or higher than normal

Question 16

How obstructive lung disease appear on a flow-volume loop compared to a restrictive lung disease

Answer 16

Obstructive lung disease appears as scalloping on a flow-volume loop

Restrictive lung disease appears as a narrowed loop due to decreased FVC

Question 17

How can residual volume be measured

Answer 17

Using a helium dilution test

Question 18

How can dead space be measured

Answer 18

Nitrogen washout method

Question 19

How can diffusion capacity be measured

Answer 19

Using cabon monoxide transfer factor

Question 20

What are the conditions assocaited with these flow volume curves

Answer 20