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Microbiology > Spirochetes > Flashcards

Spirochetes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  • helical-shaped, motile, unicellular
  • Treponema
  • Borrelia
  • Leptospira
A

Spirochetes

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2
Q
  • obligate aerobic helical rods
  • tightly coiled, thin, flexible
  • 20 serovars
  • reduced phagocytosis, hemolysis and endotoxins
A

Leptospires

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3
Q

Leptospires (diseases)

A
  • associated with mud or water
  • breaks in skin or mucosa
  • contact with INFECTED URINE
  • leptospirosis (Swineherd’s disease)
  • Weil’s disease (severe systemic disease)
  • zoonotic disease
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4
Q

Zoonotic disease (leptospires)

A
  • animal workers
  • rat-infested surroundings
  • excreted in urine
  • freshwater recreational exposure
  • water contaminated by urine
  • can survive for months in water
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5
Q

Leptospires (culture)

A
  • Fletcher’s media
  • Stuart’s media
  • mostly identified by serology
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6
Q

Leptospira susceptibility

A

susceptible to tetracycline and doxycycline

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7
Q
  • loosely coiled
  • arthropod borne
  • stain easily, can use light microscopy
  • microaerophilic
  • long-chain fatty acids
A

Borrelia

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8
Q

Borrelia (culturing)

A

some have been cultered in vitro on Kelly medium

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9
Q

Borrelia recurrentis (infection)

A
  • transmitted via tick
  • widespread disease through E. and W. hemispheres
  • RELAPSING FEVER
  • antigenic variation (avoid immune response)
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10
Q

Relapsing fever

A
  • incubation 2-15 days
  • high fever, delirium
  • severe muscle aches, bones and joint pain, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice
  • remission and relapse of symptoms
  • neurologic symptoms (meningitis)
  • rarely fatal
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11
Q

B. recurrentis (culturing/detection)

A
  • direct exam of spirochetes in peripheral blood
  • Kelly medium
  • serologic testing is difficult and not practical
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12
Q

B. recurrentis (treatment)

A
  • TETRACYCLINES

- Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (death of spirochetes can cause sudden endotoxin release)

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13
Q
  • Lyme disease
  • transmitted via tick bite (Ixodes)
  • complement evasion (binds factor H)
A

B. burgdorferi

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14
Q

Lyme Disease

A
  • Stage 1: ECM LESIONS
  • Stage 2: acute (disseminated infection)
  • Stage 3: chronic (chronic arthritis, skin lesions, neurologic symptoms)
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15
Q

B. burgdorferi (treatment/detection)

A
  • antibiotics in early stages
  • serology tests
  • only screen those with symptoms and high risk factors
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16
Q

Treponema (virulence)

A
  • penetrate intact mucous membranes
  • crosses placenta
  • dissemination
  • antigenic variation
17
Q

Syphilis infection

A
  • caused by sexual contact

- dissemination in 10-90 days

18
Q

Primary syphilis

A
  • chancre at infection site (penis or vagina/cervix)
  • painless, tender
  • heals in 3-6 weeks, infectious
  • spirochetes may be identifiable with darkfield microscopy
19
Q

Secondary syphilis

A
  • 2-12 weeks after chancres
  • widespread macular rash (palms and soles of feet)
  • secondary lesions (Condylomata lata)
  • systemic symptoms, infectious
20
Q

Latent syphilis

A
  • patient is not infectious, relapses occur (early latent)
  • indefinite duration, sometimes no complications (late latent)
  • detected through serology
21
Q

Late syphilis (tertiary)

A
  • complications involving many organs
  • CNS disease, cardiovascular, aortitis and valve insufficiency, granulomatous lesions
  • asymptomatic CNS disease
  • congenital syphilis
22
Q

Congential syphilis

A
  • non-immune hydrops (placental disease causing fetal death)
  • bone lesions, hepatosplenomegaly
  • visible deformities (tibias, Hutchinson’s teeth)
23
Q

Syphilis (transmission/detection)

A
  • sexual contact, direct contact with lesions, transplacental transmission, autoinoculation, congenital
  • serum on slide with saline, use darkfield microscopy
  • serology or direct exam
  • don’t use oral lesions (flora)
24
Q

Syphilis treatment

A
  • Penicillin, tetracycline, doxycyline

- can develop Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions

25
Q

Treponema pertenue (disease)

A

Yaws

26
Q

Treponema endemicum (disease)

A

Endemic syphilis (bejel)

27
Q

Treponema carateum (disease)

A

Pinta

28
Q

Syphilis serology tests

A
  • nontreponemal tests (VDRL, RPR)

- treponemal tests (FTA-ABS, agglutination test, EIA)

Microbiology (26 decks)

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