Pseudomonas and Nonfermenting Misc.

Question 1

Pseudomonas and Nonfermenting and Misc. Gram-negative bacilli

Answer 1

• may or may not grow on MacConkey
• don’t ferment sugars
• some oxidize saccharolytic sugars
• oxidase positive
• TSI slants K/K (nonfermenters)
• use O/F media

Question 2

Nonfermenting means it doesn’t ferment _______

Answer 2

glucose

Question 3

Pseudomonas and Nonfermenting (source)

Answer 3

• found in environment (soil, water, plants)
• lots of nosocomial infections
• prefer moist environments (nebulizers, catheters, etc.)
• rarely part of normal flora

Question 4

Pseudomonas and Nonfermenting (treatments)

Answer 4

• can withstand chlorohexidine and ammonium cleaning products
• resistant to multiple antibiotics

Question 5

Pseudomonas and Nonfermenting (clinical infections)

Answer 5

**usually in hospitalized patients**
septicemia
meningitis
osteomyelitis
wound infections

Question 6

Three clinically important bacteria of group

Answer 6

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Acinetobacter species
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Question 7

• fluorescent group
• grape-like odor, blue-green hue, beta-hemolytic
• oxidase + and catalase +
• oxidizes carbohydrates

Answer 7

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 8

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (virulence factors)

Answer 8

• Endotoxin in LPS, exotoxins (Exotoxin A)
• motile, pili, capsule
• proteases, hemolysin, lecithinase, elastase, DNase, alginate

Question 9

Exotoxin A

Answer 9

similar to diphtheria toxin - blocks proteins synthesis

Question 10

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (clinical infections)

Answer 10

• wound infections and burns
• pulmonary infections, pneumonia (CF patients)
• nosocomial UTI’s and bacteremia
• endocarditis, Keratitis
• Hot tub syndrome

Question 11

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (general characteristics)

Answer 11

• beta-hemolytic on SBA
• produces pyoverdin (fluorescence) and pyocyanin (green hue)
• Arginine dihydrolase (ADH) +, citrate +
• grows at 42C
• acetamide utilization
• very drug resistant

Question 12

Drugs to use on Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 12

aminoglycosides work best; drug combo for severe infections

Question 13

P. fluorescens and P. putida

Answer 13

part of fluorescent group (pyoverdin); low virulence (UTI’s, wounds); doesn’t grow at 42C

Question 14

P. stutzeri, P. mendocina, P. pseudoalcaligenes, P. alcaligenes, P. luteola, P. oryzihabitans

Answer 14

Nonfluorescent group (Pseudomonas)

Question 15

P. stutzeri

Answer 15

wrinkled colonies, light yellow or brown
arginine dihydrolase (ADH) -, starch hydrolysis +

Question 16

Acinetobacter (source)

Answer 16

sometimes normal flora
environment (soil, water)
hospitals (ventilators, humidifiers)

Question 17

strict aerobe, glucose oxidizer
gram-negative coccobacilli
oxidase - and catalase -
non-motile, smooth, non-hemolytic, NLF, purple (on Mac)
resistant to antibiotics

Answer 17

Acinetobacter baumanii

Question 18

Acinetobacter baumanii (clinical infections)

Answer 18

UTI’s, pneumonia, endocarditis, septicemia, meningitis, wounds, burns, eye infections

Question 19

A. lwoffii

Answer 19

less virulent
glucose negative
non-hemolytic
more susceptible to antibiotics

Question 20

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (sources)

Answer 20

environment (soil, water)

hospitals (blood drawing equipment, disinfectants, etc.)

Question 21

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (clinical infections/treatment)

Answer 21

pneumonia, endocarditis, bacteremia

SXT (sulfa drugs) is drug of choice

Question 22

• rough colonies, lavender-green, ammonia odor (SBA)
• NLF on Mac
• catalase + and oxidase -
• DNase +, Esculin +, Lysine decarboxylase (LDC) +, Gelatin hydrolysis

Answer 22

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Question 23

• nosocomial pathogen (pneumonia in CF patients)

- wound infections from contaminated water

Answer 23

Burkholderia cepacia

Question 24

• oxidase variable (weak, slow positive)
• motile, ONPG positive, LDC +, ODC -, ADH -
• utilizes lactose, maltose, glucose and mannitol
• yellow or green on SBA, non-wrinkled
• selective agars: OFPBL, BCSA
• multi-drug resistant

Answer 24

B. cepacia

Question 25

Burkholderia gladioli

Answer 25

plant pathogen

Question 26

Burkholderia mallei

Answer 26

• causes Glander’s disease (horses)
• pulmonary infections
• potential bioterrorism agent

Question 27

Burkholderia pseudomallei (source)

Answer 27

commonly presents as pneumonia; found in soil and water (SE Asia)

Question 28

wrinkled colonies; utilizes lactose; “earthy” odor

Answer 28

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Question 29

Moraxella, Oligella, and Psychrobacter

Answer 29

• normal flora
• no carbohydrate utilization
• strict aerobes

Question 30

Moraxella

Answer 30

• oxidase +, non-motile

- rarely cause disease (except M. catarrhalis)

Question 31

Oligella

Answer 31

most often isolated from urinary tract

Question 32

Psychrobacter

Answer 32

non-motile, oxidase +, optimal temp 20C

Question 33

Alcaligenes and Achromobacter

Answer 33

found in water; isolated from hospitalized patients

Question 34

Brevundimonas, Chromobacterium violaceum, Comamonas and Delftia

Answer 34

opportunists

Question 35

Flavobacteriaceae

Answer 35

• long thin bacteria
• hospital contaminants
• non-motile, DNase +, oxidase +, Gelatin hydrolysis +, indole +
• i.e., Elizabethkingia meningoseptica

Question 36

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica

Answer 36

• DOESN’T GROW ON MAC

- meningitis and septicemia in newborns

Question 37

Methylobacterium

Answer 37

• associated with contaminated tap water

- causes bacteremia, peritonitis, synovitis, skin ulcers

Question 38

Shewanella

Answer 38

• smooth, brown/tan colonies on SBA, grows on Mac

- motile (polar flagella), oxidase +, H2S + on TSI