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Micro Post Q3 > Spirochetes > Flashcards

Spirochetes Flashcards

1
Q

What type of shape to Spirochetes have?

A

Helicoid, with flagella wrapped around them.

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2
Q

Name the 3 important genus of spirochetes and diseases they cause

A
  1. Treponema - syphilis, yaws, pinta.
  2. Borrelia - Relapsing fever and Lyme disease.
  3. Leptospira - Leptospirosis
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3
Q

Gram stain of Treponema palladium?

A

Has G- structure but can’t see it on light microscopy!

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4
Q

Can you grow Treponema palladium on culture?

A

Nope!

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5
Q

What do you do to keep Treponema palladium organisms alive for a few days?

A

Put them in very rich media (albumin, serum) in anaerobic conditions.

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6
Q

T/F: Treponema palladium can survive heat, drying, soap, and water?

A

FALSE

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7
Q

How are Treponema Palladium transited?

A

SEX

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8
Q

What causes “congenital syphilis” and how does it present?

A

Cause: infected mother to child.
Presents: still birth, abortion, syphilis lesions on baby.

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9
Q

What is the incubation of T. palladium syphilis?

A

2-6 weeks.

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10
Q

What is the name of a primary syphilis lesion, when does it present? When does it heal?

A

CHANCRE
Presents 1-4 weeks after infection
Heals 1-5 weeks after it appears.

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11
Q

What is a secondary syphilis lesion? When does it appear?

A

Generalized skin rash, appears 2-20 weeks after primary lesion.

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12
Q

What are 2 complications of secondary syphilis infection?

A

Arthritis, renal dysfunction.

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13
Q

What are tertiary syphilis lesions called and where do they occur?

A

Called a Gumma, occur on aortic valve of heart, CNS.

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14
Q

What technique is used to demonstrate organs in the lesions?

A

Darkfield examination of exudate.

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15
Q

What antibody test reacts with cardiolipin to detect syphilis?

A

Wassermann antibody.

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16
Q

At what stage of syphilis infection are serological tests positive?

A

Late primary

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17
Q

What is the VDRL (venereal disease research lab) test consist of?

A

A flocculation test (clumping on a slide) with cardiolipin.

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18
Q

Describe the 3 steps of the FTA - ABS test.

A
  1. Patient’s serum absorbed with non-pathogenic treponemes.
  2. Serum is then added to a slide with T-pallidum, washed.
  3. Addition of a fluorescent antibody for visualization.
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19
Q

Which is the major syphilis test used at DHMC?

A

ELISA

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20
Q

What is the name of the test where antibody from the patient reacts in the presence of compliment with living T. Pallidium, causing the organism to lose motility?

A

TPI (treponema pallidum immobilization)

21
Q

Which 2 conditions can lead to a false positive syphilis test?

A

Infectious mononucleosis, malaria

22
Q

Do they use PCR for syphilis testing?

A

NOPE

23
Q

What antibiotic do you use to treat syphilis?

A

Penicillin

24
Q

Is there a vaccine for syphilis?

A

NOPE

25
Q

This treponemal disease is transmitted through open sores of the skin. Often in children. Patients show positive syphilis test, primary lesion looks like a raspberry.

A

Yaws

26
Q

A disease common among children in Syria, caused by T. Pallidum endemicum, treated with penicillin.

A

Bejel

27
Q

Disease of Central and South America, caused by T. catateum. Causes flat, non - ulcerating lesions of hands, feet, and scalp.

A

Pinta

28
Q

What 2 bacteria are mostly responsible for causing relapsing fever?

A

B. Recurrentis, B. Hernsii

29
Q

Which borrelia species is endemic in western USA?

A

B. Hernsii

30
Q

Which Borrelia species is transferred human to human via the bloody louse?

A

B. Recurrentis

31
Q

What is the course of disease of relapsing fever?

A
  1. Fever for 4-5 days.
  2. Afebrile 7-10 days.
  3. 3-10 relapses before full recovery.
32
Q

What stain is used to identify borrelia organisms?

A

Wright’s stain

33
Q

Name 2 antibiotics used to treat Borelia infections.

A

Penicillin, tetracycline.

34
Q

What is the most common tick bourne disease in the US?

A

Lyme Disease

35
Q

What is the major reservoir of lyme disease?

A

White footed mouse

36
Q

How many virulent plasmids does B. burgdorfi carry?

A

7 linear and 2 cirsular.

37
Q

What causes lyme disease?

A

Borelia Burgdorfi

38
Q

Name the 3 stages in the pathogenesis of lyme disease.

A
  1. Papule with expanding erythema 3 - 14 days after bite. Headache, fever, stiff neck, malaise.
  2. Various neurological and cardiac involvements.
  3. Migrating episodes of arthritis that can last years.
39
Q

What diagnostic test is used for Lyme disease?

A

ELISA

40
Q

What drug is used to treat Lyme disease?

A

Tetracycline

41
Q

Is there a vaccine for Lyme disease?

A

Used to be one containing OspA, not anymore.

42
Q

What material does B. Buergfordi not have a requirement for?

A

IRON

43
Q

How is Leptospirosis transmitted to humans?

A

Infected urine of rats and dogs

44
Q

Is leptospirosis arthropod-bourne?

A

NO

45
Q

Which organs does leptospirosis generally invade? (4)

A

Liver
Kidneys
meninges
conjunctiva

46
Q

What are the symptoms of Leptospirosis?

A

Muscle pain, photophobia, fever, chills.

47
Q

What is the name of the disease caused by one serotype of Leptospira that causes infection jaundice, renal failure, and hepatic injury.

A

Weil’s disease

48
Q

What 3 drugs are useful against leptospirosis

A

Penicillin, erythromycin, tetracyclines

49
Q

Is there a vaccine for leptospirosis?

A

NO

Micro Post Q3 (4 decks)

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