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Bacteriology > Spirochete - Myco Viro > Flashcards

Spirochete - Myco Viro Flashcards

1
Q

Partially Acid-fast Bacteria

A

Nocardia: Aerobic
Gordonia
Rhodococcus
Tsukamurella

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2
Q

Aerial Hyphae in Tap Water Agar

A

Nocardia
Nocardiopsis
Streptomyces

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3
Q

anaerobic; agent of Lumpy Jaw/Actinomycosis

causes suppurative granulomatous disease

A

Actinomyces israelli

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4
Q

Colonies of A. israelli

A

Molar tooth

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5
Q

primary pulmonary infection resembling TB

A

N. farcinica & N. cyriacigeorgica

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6
Q

actinomycotic mycetoma

A

N. brasiliensis

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7
Q

Spirochete

Loosely and helically coiled; longest bacteria

A

Borrelia

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8
Q

mode of transmission of Borrelia

A

bite of an infected vector (lice and ticks)

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9
Q

Agent of Louse-born relapsing fever (epidemic)

A

Borrelia recurrentis

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10
Q

Vector: Pediculus humanus(human louse)

A

Borrelia recurrentis

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11
Q

Agent of Tick-born relapsing fever

A

Borrelia anserine, toricatae, parkeri

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12
Q

Vector of Borrelia anserine, toricatae, parkeri

A

Ornithodoros ticks

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13
Q

Agent of Lyme Disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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14
Q

Vector of Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Ixodesdammini(deer ticks)

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15
Q

Stage 1 symptom of Lyme disease

A

Bull’s eye rash (erythema chronicummigrans)

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16
Q

Stage 2 symptom of Lyme disease

A

dissemination to blood

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17
Q

Stage 3 symptom of Lyme disease

A

arthritis, neurological abnormalities, skin lesions

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18
Q

Culture media for Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Barber Stoenner Kelly at 33C for 6 weeks

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19
Q

tightly coiled spirochete

A

Treponema

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20
Q

Lab diagnosis for Treponema

A

Darkfield microscopy - graceful/corkscrew motility

Levaditi silver impregnation

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21
Q

Screening tests for Treponema in serology

A

Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR)

Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL)

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22
Q

Confirmatory tests for Treponema in serology

A

Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption (FTA-ABS),
Treponema pallidum Haemagglutination (TPHA),
Microhemagglutination Assay for Treponema pallidum Antibodies (MHA-TP),
Hemagglutination Treponemal Test for Syphilis (HATTS)

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23
Q

Primary Syphilis symptom and specimen of choice

A

Hard chancre: firm and painless

swab/aspirate; diagnosis using darkfield microscopy

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24
Q

Secondary Syphilis symptom and specimen of choice

A

condylomata lata (wart-like lesions in genital area or mouth)

serum; (RPR/VDRL, FTA-ABS)

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25
Q

Tertiary Syphilis symptom and specimen of choice

A

Gummas (granulomatous lesions)
Neurosyphilis (Tabes dorsalis –degeneration of lower spinal cord)
syphilitic cardiovascular lesions

CSF

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26
Q

Hutchinson’s triad (notched teeth, keratitis, nerve deafness)

A

Congenital syphilis

T. pallidum subsp. pertenue

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27
Q

chronic nonvenereal disease of skin and bones

A

Yaws/Framboise

T. pallidum subsp. endemicum

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28
Q

lesions in oral cavity/mucosa, skin boes, nasopharynx

A

Bejel

T. pallidum subsp. endemicum

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29
Q

ulcerative skin disease

A

Pinta

T. pallidum subsp. carateum

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30
Q

spirochete tightly coiled with 1 or 2 hooks

A

Leptospira

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31
Q

specimen of choice for 1st week diagnosis of Leptospira

A

blood, CSF, tissue

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32
Q

specimen of choice for 2nd week diagnosis of Leptospira

A

urine

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33
Q

Culture method for Leptospira

A

EMJH (Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris)/Stuart

Fletcher’s

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34
Q

Screening Test for Leptospira

A

Macroscopic Agglutination Test - (+): agglutination

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35
Q

Gold standard for Leptospira

A

Microscopic Agglutination Test - (+): agglutination under dark field

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36
Q

cause of leptospirosis (zoonotic infection)

A

Leptospira interrogans

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37
Q

most common characteristic physical finding in Leptospira interrogans

A

conjunctival suffusion

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38
Q

severe form of leptospirosis; systemic disease with intravascular disease, renal and hepatic failure

A

Weil’s disease

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39
Q

Gram-positive obligate intracellular parasite

A

Chlamydia

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40
Q

of serotypes in C. trachomatis

A

20

41
Q

of serotypes in C. pneumoniae

A

1

42
Q

of serotypes in C. psittaci

A

10

43
Q

agent of psittacosis/ornithosis (parrot fever)

A

Chlamydophila psittaci

44
Q

TWAR strain (Taiwan Acute Respiratory)-3rd spp. of Chlamydia

A

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

45
Q

TRIC agent (trachoma, inclusion conjunctivitis)

number 1 cause of non-gonococcal urethritis

A

C. trachomatis

46
Q

Gram-negative obligate intracellular parasite

A

Rickettsia

47
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A

R. rickettsii (ticks)

48
Q

Rickettsial pox

A

R. akari (mites)

49
Q

Australian/Queensland tick typhus

A

R. australis (ticks)

50
Q

Boutonneuse fever, Mediterranean and Israeli spotted fever, Indian tick typhus, Kenyan tick typhus

A

R. conorii (ticks)

51
Q

Epidemic typhus

A

R. prowazekii (Lice)

52
Q

Sporadic typhus

A

R. prowazekii (Flying squirrels)

53
Q

Brill-Zinsser disease

A

R. prowazekii (Reactivation of latent infection)

54
Q

Murine typhus

A

R. typhi (fleas)

55
Q

Scrub typhus

A

Orientia tsutsugamushi (mites, chiggers)

56
Q

Q fever

A

Coxiella burnetti (ticks, aerosol)

57
Q

Human monocyte ehrlichiosis

A

Ehrlichia chaffeensis (ticks)

58
Q

Human granulocyte anaplasmosis

A

E. phagocytophila (ticks)

59
Q

Sennetsu fever

A

Neorickettsia sennetsu (ticks)

60
Q

Trench fever

A

Rochalimea quintana (Lice)

61
Q

Smallest free-living organisms

A

Mycoplasma

62
Q

Eaton’s agent

primary atypical pneumonia/walking pneumonia

A

M. pneumoniae

63
Q

Confirmatory for M. pneumoniae

A

Hemadsorption test

64
Q

large fried egg colonies

A

M. hominis

65
Q

agent of salpingitis and post partal fever

non-gonococcal urethritis in males, PID

A

M. hominis

66
Q

non-gonococcal urethritis in males, PID, amnionitis

A

U. urealyticum

67
Q

small fried egg colonies with dark brown clumps

A

U. urealyticum

68
Q

MOT of Rochalimea quintana

A

Human body louse

69
Q

MOT of B. bacilliformis

A

Sandflies

70
Q

MOT of B. henselae

A

Domestic cat by bite/scratches; cat fleas

71
Q

MOT of B. clarridgeia

A

Domestic cat by bite/scratches

72
Q

MOT of B. elizabethiae

A

Fleas (from rat)

Endocarditis

73
Q

Koch’s bacillus

A

Mycobacteria tuberculosis

74
Q

Virulence factor of M. tuberculosis

A

Cord factor (produces serpentine cords on agar)

75
Q

Resistance of M. tuberculosis

A

Highly resistant to drying

Resistant to chemical disinfection; requires 24-hour exposure to 5% phenol

76
Q

M. tuberculosis remains in putrifying sputum for how many weeks?

A

weeks 8-10 days or dried sputum for weeks

77
Q

M. tuberculosis remains infectious in drops of dried sputum in the air for how many months?

A

6-8 months

78
Q

M. tuberculosis is easily killed by?

A

moist heat, boiling for 10 mins, pasteurization

79
Q

Treatment (6 months) for M. tuberculosis

A

Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol

80
Q

Kinyoun

A

stain preferred for tissues

81
Q

Also used for M. leprae, Nocardia;

Uses hematoxylin as counterstain

A

Fite-Faraco’s

82
Q

(+): yellow-fluorescent organisms on black background

A

Auramine-Rhodamine

83
Q

Stain for colorblind; black

A

Spengler’s

84
Q

Stain
MTB: red
M. smegmatis: blue

A

Pappenheimer’s

85
Q

Stain
MTB: blue
M. leprae: red

A

Baungarten’s

86
Q

Culture (confirmatory) - cauliflower colonies

Examples of egg-based (with malachite green)

A

Lowenstein-Jensen
Petragnani: for contaminated specimens
American Thoracic Society medium
Dorset egg medium

87
Q

Culture (confirmatory) -cauliflower colonies

Examples of agar based

A

Duboi’s Oleic Acid Albumin medium
Middlebrook 7H10, 7H11 –clear media used for AST
Mitchinson’s medium

88
Q

Culture (confirmatory) -cauliflower colonies

Examples of liquid media

A

Septi-Check
Bactec 12B
Middlebrook 7H9/7H12
Dubos Tween Albumin

89
Q

Most common cause of TB in Africa

A

M. africanum

90
Q

Most common mycobacterium in AIDS patients

Diarrhea

A

M. avium complex (MAC)

91
Q

TB in animals;

Bacillus Calmette & Guerin (BCG) vaccine

A

M. bovis

92
Q

granulomatous lesions seen on chest X-rays

A

Tubercles

93
Q

calcified lesions

A

Ghon complexes

94
Q

Sputum specimen for Mycobacteria

A

2 specimens in 1 day

95
Q

RUNYOUN CLASSICATION OF MOTT

GROUP 1: PHOTOCHROMOGENS

A

M. kansasii
M. marinum
M. simiae
M. asiaticum

96
Q

RUNYOUN CLASSICATION OF MOTT

GROUP 2: SCOTOCHROMOGENS

A 
M. scrofulaceum
M. szulgai
M. xenopi
M. gordonae
M. flavescens
M. thermoresistible
97
Q

RUNYOUN CLASSICATION OF MOTT

GROUP 3: NONPHOTOCHROMOGENS

A 
M. avium
M. avium-intracellularecomplex (MAC)
M. malmoense
M. ulcerans
M. haemophilum
M. terrae-triviale
98
Q

RUNYOUN CLASSICATION OF MOTT

GROUP 4: RAPID GROWERS

A

M. fortuitum
M. chelonae
M. phlei
M. smegmatis

Bacteriology (2 decks)

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