Chapter 1: Bacterial Cell Structure, Physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics

Question 1

Father of protozoology and bacteriology

Answer 1

Anton van Leeuwnhoek

Question 2

unicellular or multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes that obtain energy through absorption

Answer 2

Fungi

Question 3

a minuscule, acellular infectious particle (not an organism) that has either DNA or RNA as its genetic material

Answer 3

Virus

Question 4

Bacteriological taxonomy subsets from broadest to most specific classification

Answer 4

Domain - Dear
Kingdom - King
Division - David
Class - Came
Order - Only
Family - For
Tribe -The
Genus - Good
Species - Spaghetti
Subspecies – Sauce

Question 5

provides naming assignments for each organism in the textbook

Answer 5

Nomenclature

Question 6

Epidemiologists also try to subdivide bacterial species to follow the spread of infections.
Types of subdivisions:

Answer 6

Subspecies
Serovarieties
Biovarieties

Question 7

also used to subdivide species

Answer 7

Phage typing

Question 8

the most complex cell type

Answer 8

Domain Eukarya

Question 9

Prokaryotic cells are generally _______ than eukaryotic cells.

Answer 9

Smaller

Question 10

Chromosomal DNA prokaryotes are ______, and complexed with RNA, where DNA in eukaryotes are ______with basic histone complices.

Answer 10

circular : linear

Question 11

In Gram-positive bacteria, cell walls are made of thick peptidoglycan layer called?

Answer 11

Murein

Question 12

Murein consist of glycan chains of alternating ___________ and _______________

Answer 12

N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (NAG) and

N-acetyl-d-muramic acid (NAM).

Question 13

In Gram-negative bacteria, the cell walls are made of two layers called inner and thinner peptidoglycan layer and outer layer that CONSIST of:

Answer 13

proteins, phospholipids, and lipopolysaccharides

Question 14

Three regions of lipopolysaccharides:

Answer 14

A. Antigenic O-specific polysaccharide
B. Core polysaccharide
C. Inner lipid A (also called endotoxin)

Question 15

Region of lipopolysaccharides that is responsible for the fever and shock conditions in patients infected with Gram-negative bacteria.

Answer 15

Endotoxin

Question 16

protein-lined channels

Answer 16

Porins

Question 17

space between outer and inner membrane and encompassing the peptidoglycan layer which contains a gel matrix of nutriend-binding proteins and degradative and detoxifying enzymes. This is ABSENT in Gram-positive bacteria.

Answer 17

Periplasmic space

Question 18

used to stain bacteria that have high lipid and wax content in cell walls and do not stain well with traditional bacterial stains

Answer 18

Acid-Fast Stains