spiritual and cultural Flashcards
Physical
Psychological
Sociological
Cultural
Emotional
Developmental
Spiritual
your emotional well-being, physical health, and spiritual renewal
holistic health
Anything that pertains to a person’s relationship with a nonmaterial life force or higher power.
A persons beliefs that help maintain hope and get through difficult situations.
spirituality
faith
religion
hope
spiritual health
spiritual wellbeing
Confident belief in something OR relationship with higher power for which there is no evidence.
Can involve person, idea, or thing
Can be defined by a culture or religion (i.e., Judaism, Muslim, or Confucianism)
faith
Organized system of beliefs about higher power; set forms of worship, spiritual practices, & codes of conduct.
Influence response to illness, self-care practices, birth & death, gender roles, moral codes, & spiritual practices.
Religion practiced outwardly to express spirituality.
Never presume to know a client’s beliefs or practices.
If client does not belong to organized religion? Does not mean they have no spiritual needs.
religion
Spirituality and faith provides it
positive outlook
Provides comfort during times of crisis
Originates in imagination but must become valued & realistic possibility to energize action.
Embraces the reality of the client’s situation (contrast to “false hope”)
Unique to each client.
hope
Balance
Help develop coping style
Spiritual Beliefs can align with developmental stages
spiritual health
lack of spiritual resources
causes include doubt, loss of faith, and feeling alone
personal beliefs conflict w/ health treatment
unable to practice rituals
NANDA
spiritual distress
Understand personal spirituality
Provide an environment to express spirituality
Do not assume anything about religion and beliefs
- Acknowledge religious affiliations.
- Objectively explain alternate treatments.
- Understand how religious culture influences client decision-making.
nursing role
highly subjective
self-reflection: nurse’s personal beliefs/spirituality
identify client’s religion
ask direct questions:
- Faith/beliefs
- Perception of life & self-responsibility
- Satisfaction with life
- Culture
- Fellowship/perceived place in community
- Rituals & practices
- Spirituality within profession or workplace
- Client expectation for health care in relation to spirituality
spiritual assessment
spiritual well-being scale (SWB)
H.O.P.E.
FICA
tools for assessing spirituality
H: Sources of hope, meaning, comfort, strength, peace, love, & connection
O: Organized religion
P: Personal spirituality and practice
E: Effects on medical care and end-of-life issue
H.O.P.E.
Faith or belief
Importance of spirituality
Community – individuals spiritual community
Address – Interventions to Address spiritual needs
FICA
- Observe patient’s behavior for signs of spiritual distress
- Sudden changes in spiritual observations (rejection, neglect, fanatical deviation)
- Mood changes (frequent crying, depression, apathy, anger)
- Sudden interest in spiritual matters (reading religious books, visits w/ clergy)
- Disturbed sleep
assessment/observation
- Allow time and resources for practice of religious rituals (devotional objects, icons, prayer rugs, music, etc.)
- Provide privacy for religious needs (prayer, meditation, reading religious materials, etc.)
- Attempt to meet religion dietary restrictions
- Facilitate development of a positive outcome
- Arrange for minister, priest, or rabbi if client wishes
- Provide stability for a client experiencing a dysfunctional spiritual mood
- Be available to listen and express empathy
- Establish a caring presence in “being with” the client and family rather than task-oriented
- offer a healing presence
- praying w/ client (“how would you like us to pray?”)
interventions
culture
bias
patient-centered care
cultural competence
- understand your own cultural identity
- how has your culture affected your personal health?
- Create a mindset of respect of cultural diversity
achieving cultural competence
- Cultural awareness
- Cultural knowledge
- Cultural skill
- Cultural encounter
- Cultural desire
model of cultural competence
- Personal space
- Family gender roles and relationships
- Nutrition
- Language/communication
- Pain
cultural factors that affect nursing care
- Communication
- Health beliefs
- Faith-based influences and special rituals
- Support system
- Dietary practices
assessment: health
National culturally and linguistically appropriate services (CLAS) standards
Plain languages
- “you”
- Active voice
- Short sentences
- Common words
- Easy-to-read
Teach-back method
communication
- The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and the services needed to make appropriate health decisions (AHRQ, 2016).
- The Short Assessment of Health Literacy – Spanish and English (SAHL-S&E).
- The Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine-Short Form (REALM-SF
assessment: health literacy
Cultural awareness and assessment techniques
- Eye contact
- Physical Contact
Cultural awareness and assessment findings
Cultural awareness and a focused assessment
- Determinants of health
assessment: physical
- Listen
- Explain
- Acknowledge
- Recommend
- Negotiate
cultural desire: learn
birth and healthcare: do not prolong life
dietary: some are vegetarians
death: lie on floor to die, thread around neck, water poured into mouth, family bathes body, may want cremation
Hinduism
Birth and healthcare: may refuse care on holy days
Dietary: some vegetarian, avoid alcohol and smoking, may fast on holy days
Death: priest to deliver last rites, chanting is common
Buddhism
Birth and healthcare: prayers said into infant’s ear at birth
Dietary: no alcohol or pork, may fast during Ramadan
Death: confess sins, body faces Mecca, body washed and wrapped, a prayer is said
Islam
Birth and healthcare: on eight day after birth, male is circumcised
Dietary: may eat kosher diet
Death: someone stays w/ body, burial society prepares body
Judaism
Birth and healthcare: some baptisms
Dietary: Some avoid alcohol and smoking, may fast during lent
Death: some give last rites
Christianity
Birth and healthcare: children baptized at 8 by immersion
Dietary: avoid alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine
Death: last rites given, communion offered, burial preferred
Mormonism
Birth and healthcare: do not accept blood transfusions
Dietary: avoid foods having or prepared w/ blood
Death: burial or cremation
Jehovah’s Witness
