Spirits and Distillation Flashcards
What is the simple premise behind distillation?
Alcohol has a lower boiling point than water
What is the boiling point of ethyl alcohol?
173F
What is the separation of two liquids with different boiling points called?
Fractional distillation
What are 3 other names for a modern continuous still?
Coffey, column, or patent still
What is the fermented liquid to be distilled called?
The wash
How is the wash distilled in a simple pot still? What must a distiller do to the condensed liquid?
The wash is placed into the closed vessel and heat is applied directly to the vessel, vaporizing the ethyl alcohol, a certain amount of water, and congeners-volatile molecules such as esters, other alcohols, and aldehydes, which contribute to the flavor (or off-flavor) of a spirit.
These vapors travel up through the vessel and into a condensing coil. The vapors will be cooled, condensed into liquid and collected in a separate vessel. In this simple form, the spirit will be impure.
The distiller must take care to discard the foreshots-the first vapors to condense- as these contain congeners such as methanol, a toxic alcohol. The tails are also discarded, as unwanted congeners tend to collect in the distillate residue.
How is the wash distilled in a continuous still? How does it differ from the pot still? How is the flavor impacted?
A continuous still has two columns (the analyzer and the rectifier) and uses steam, rather than direct heat, to vaporize the alcohol.
In this still, the alcohol is condensed in a purer fashion, stripping the liquor of excess congeners and creating a higher-alcohol spirit.
While congeners are responsible for impurities, they are also the source of flavor; thus, the continuous still sacrifices distinction for a clean spirit
Which still will produce a purer spirit? Continuous or pot still? Which will produce a more flavorful spirit? Why?
The continuous still will produce a more pure spirit but sacrifices flavor as it removes a large majority of the impure but flavor-containing congeners.
The pot still will produce a more impure spirit but will have more flavor because of a higher presence of congeners
How do brown spirits gain color?
Through extensive aging in casks
Do bottled spirits gain complexity?
No
How are spirits flavored?
Oak aging will imbue flavor and so will additives through maceration, percolation, or infusion.
Maceration, percolation, and infusion are all techniques for adding flavor to spirit. How do they differ?
Maceration and infusion are similar techniques that involve steeping a flavoring agent in alcohol; maceration is a slower, cold method and infusion is a quicker, hot method.
Percolation resembles coffee brewing, as the base spirit is pumped through the flavoring material.
Until 1980, Britain based its legal calculation of the alcoholic strength of liquor on the proof test. What does this test measure?
The ability of gunpowder to combust when doused in the spirit.
How is the alcoholic content of all alcoholic beverages in the EU and the US, whether fermented or distilled, measured or listed today? What does the proof indicate?
Stated as a percentage of alcohol by volume (abv) at 20 C or 68F
Proof indicates a number that is twice the percentage of abv
What is the general abv range for liqueurs? Vodka and gin? Whiskies, brandy, and rum?
15-30% for liqueurs
40-50% for vodka and gin
Whiskies, brandy, and rum is much wider with some cask-strength whiskies, those not diluted with water prior to bottling reaching over 60% abv
If a spirit is cask-strength, what does this mean?
The spirit has not been diluted with water prior to boiling.
What are 5 sources used for the production of vodka?
potatoes rye grapes beets molasses
What still is usually used to distill the wash for vodka distillation? How is it filtered? Why?
continuous still, and filtered with charcoal to make the spirit ultra-clean
What can be said of vodkas regarding the more distillations it goes through?
The more distillations it sees the purer and stronger the spirit will be
Why do Eastern European and Russian vodkas tend to have more character than vodkas produced in the western EU and US?
Because in the EU and US if a bottle says vodka then it must be neutral in flavor.
The source used for a vodka produced in the EU must be listed on the bottle if it is not produced from what two sources?
potatoes or grain
What is the min abv a vodka must have if produced in the EU?
min 37.5%
What are two top Russian vodkas? 2 Polish Vodkas? Top French? Top Dutch?
Stolichnaya and Ikon (Russia)
Chopin and Belvedere (Poland)
Grey Goose (French)
Ketel One (Holland)
What is used for the production of Titos Vodka? Where is it produced?
100% Corn
Texas
What are 5 common flavoring agents for vodka?
lemon, orange, vanilla, raspberry, blueberry
What is acquavit?
Scandinavian liquor, clear spirit made from fermented potato or grain and flavored with caraway root and other aromatics, is basically flavored vodka
What is the difference between soju and schochu?
They both are traditionally distilled liquors. Soju is Korean and Schochu is Japanese and unlike Soju is not filtered through charcoal.
What is the name of the Okinawan style of Schochu distilled from rice?
awamori
What is the most important flavoring agent for gin?
juniper berry
What are common flavoring agents used in the production of London Dry Gin? What are 5 top producers of London Dry Gin?
juniper berries lemon peel orange peel anise cardamom coriander nutmeg angelica root
Beefeater Tanqueray Bombay Sapphire Gordon's Boodles
What country first produced gin? Who first made it? What was it called?
Holland
Dr. Sylvius de Bouve
First produced as a medicinal oil known as Genever (Jenver) in the 16th century.
What still is used to produce Genever gin? How is this style different than London Dry?
pot still
sweeter but less alcoholic than London Dry Gin. Along with Juniper, Malt is a key flavoring component and the spirit may be aged in oak casks, taking on color and roundness from the wood.
What is malt wine? What style of gin is it used in? What is the min % of it that must be incorporated into the distillate?
malt wine is a distillate of corn, rye, and wheat
Used in the production of Genever gin
must be incorporate at a min 15%
What are the three styles of Genever? Describe them.
Oude (“old”)
uses higher proportion of malt wine in the wash
Jonge (“young”)
cleaner, more neutral Genever with less malt wine
Corenwyn (“corn wine”)
cask-aged version in which malt wine comprises at least 51% of the distillate
Who produces the Plymouth style of gin? How does it compare to London Dry? What cocktail is it used for?
Only Plymouth, Coates, and CO.
Fuller in body than London Dry and very aromatic
Proper gin for a Pink Gin cocktail
What is the proper gin for a Pink Gin cocktail?
Plymouth Gin
Which style of gin is a sweetened gin? What 2 cocktails is this gin most appropriate for?
Old Tom Gin
Proper gin for a Tom Collins cocktail and a Martinez
What is the spelling of whiskey in Scotland?
Whisky
What are the 5 grains used for producing whiskey?
malted and unmalted barley maize rye oats wheat
When was Kentucky’s first whiskey distilled? By who? What it become known as?
1789 by Elijah Craig
Became known as Bourbon Whiskey
Bourbon Whiskey must be distilled from what min% of corn?
min 51%
What is the aging vessel for Bourbon Whiskey? What is “straight” Bourbon? Under what age must Bourbon Whiskey’s aging length be stated on the bottle?
Aged in charred new oak barrels
Straight imply that the whiskey is aged for at least two years and made without any added coloring or flavoring.
If aged for less than 4 years the length of aging must be stated on the bottle
What % of Bourbon Whiskey is produced in Kentucky?
95%
Tennessee whiskey is a type of bourbon that must be filtered through what prior to bottling? When was this requirement enacted? What are two top producers of this?
must be filtered through maple charcoal as of 2013
George Dickel and Jack Daniels
What is a sour mash whiskey?
Whiskey produced in which a portion of spent mash is incorporated into a newly fermenting mash.
What are the grain requirements and aging requirements for American Rye Whiskey? What are two top producers of this? How does it compare to Bourbon?
min 51% Rye
min 2 years of aging in new charred oak barrels
Rittenhouse and Sazerac are two top producers of this.
It is more bitter and more powerful than Bourbon.
What are the grain requirements and aging requirements for corn whiskey?
min 51% corn
may be unnamed or aged in used or uncharted new barrels
What is the difference between aging vessels used for American whiskies vs Scotch whisky?
Scotch whisky is aged in used casks for more subtle interaction between wood and spirit. Used Bourbon and Sherry casks are generally employed to age Scotch.
Why is peat used for combustible material to heat the malted grain in Scotch production? How does the use of peat contribute to the flavor of Scotch whisky?
Because Scotland’s forested islands are concentrated near the center of the realm, and wood burning becomes prohibitively expensive toward the coast.
Burning peat produces an oily smoke that infuses the malted barley with its scent and character. This pettiness transmits a dominant note in the finished whisky, especially in those spirits produced at coastal or island distilleries.
What are the 5 legal categories of Scotch Whisky established by the 2009 Scotch Whisky Regulations? Describe them. What term has been eliminated with the 2009 Regulations and what must be listed on the label?
Single Malt Scotch:
distilled from malted barley in a pot still at a single distillery. From 2012 onward single malt scotch must be distilled in Scotland.
Single Grain Scotch:
distilled from unmalted barley, wheat, or corn at a single distillery
Blended Malt Scotch:
produced from a blend of malt whiskies
Blended Grain Scotch:
produced from two or more grain whiskies
Blended Scotch:
blend of malt and grain whiskies produced at a number of different distilleries
The term “pure malt” has been eradicated and an indication of the category of scotch must be on the label
How many times must Scotch be distilled? What are the min aging requirements? Where must all be produced?
must be distilled twice or more
must be aged for at least 3 years
All must be produced in Scotland
For how long is Single Malt Scotch typically aged? What is the min abv for Scotch Whisky? How does this effect the ceiling for aging?
Typically aged for at least 10 years with some whiskies released at 25 or 30 years of age.
Min abv is 40%
Because of this minimum most Scotch cannot be aged longer than 30 or 32 years in the barrel as evaporation (angel’s share) over time would weaken the spirit too much to meet the legal minimum.
What is the preferred Scotch of connoisseurs? What category of Scotch makes up the overwhelming majority?
Single Malt Scotch is preferred but Blended Scotch makes up the overwhelming majority.
What are the 6 regions of production in Scotland for Scotch Whisky?
Highland Lowland Speyside Islay Campbeltown the Islands
Which region of production in Scotland produces a style that is the lightest and least smoky and thus served as an ideal aperitif? What are 3 producers here?
Lowland
Glenkinchie
Auchentoshan
Bladnoch
What is the largest Scotch production area? What are 4 producers from here?
Oban
Glenmorangie
Dalwhinnie
Dalmore
Glenkinchie, Auchentoshan, and Bladnoch are all producers making Scotch in what region?
Lowland
Oban, Glenmorangie, Dalwhinnie, and Dalmore are all producers in what Scotch region?
Highland
What are 3 top producers of Speyside Scotch Whisky? How does this style compare to the rest?
Glenlivet, Glenfiddich, Macallan
generally milder and fruity in character
Speyside uses water from what river for its production?
The river Spey
Glenlivet, Glenfiddich, and Macallan all produce Scotch from what region?
Speyside
What are the 3 distilleries of Campbeltown?
Glen Scotia
Glengyle
Springbank
Glen Scotia, Glengyle, and Springbank are all distilleries located in what Scotch producing region?
Campbeltown
What are the 5 major islands of the Islands Scotch producing region? Describe the style here.
Skye Jura Mull Arran Orkney
pronounced pettiness and toasted seaweed character
Where is Highland Park distillery? Where is Talisker?
Highland Park (Isle of Orkney) Talisker (Isle of Skye)
Which Scotch producing region is known for producing the most peaty and smoky style? What are 3 top producers here?
Islay
Ardbeg, Lagavulin, Laphroaig
What are two producers that are pioneers of the wood-finished style? What is this style require?
Glenmorangie and Balvenie
developing whisky is transferred to a different cask for the last two or three years of its aging period
Thus a Single Malt will be transferred from its cask to another that held Port, Sherry, Madeira, Burgundy, or Sauternes-the permutations are endless
What is the biggest distinction in style regarding Irish Whiskey vs Scotch Whisky?
Irish Whisky traditionally uses unmalted barley so it is not peaty and lighter in character than Scotch
What is Connemara?
A peat-fired, Single Malt Irish whiskey produced by Cooley
What are 5 top producers of Irish Whiskey?
Old Bushmills Cooley New Midleton Jameson Tullamore
What is the min amount of times Irish Whiskey must be distilled? Scotch? What are the min aging requirements for both? What is the traditional still for both? Which is produced more commonly with a continuous still today, relative to the other?
Irish Whiskey is distilled at least 3 times
Scotch Whisky is distilled at least 2 times
Both must be aged for at least 3 years
Pot Still is traditional. Irish Whiskey uses the continuous still more than Scotch today.
Where is the Glenora distillery? What style of whisky do they specialize in?
Cape Breton Island of Nova Scotia
malt whisky in the style of Scotch
What is Japan’s most famous distillery? What kind of whiskies do they produce?
Suntory
blended and single malt whiskies
What is the difference in grain requirements between American and Canadian Rye Whiskey?
Canadian doesn’t have a min requirement. American requires min 51% rye.
Canadian Rye is aged for a min 3 years
American Rye is aged for a min 2 years
What is the definition of brandy by the EU?
distillation of wine- not pomace- with a minimum 36% abv and a minimum oak aging period of 6 months
What is the min abv of Brandy? Min aging?
min 36% abv with min 6 months aging in oak
Which tow regions in SW France have traditionally produced the best brandy?
Cognac and Armagnac
What are 5 countries producing top quality brandy?
France Spain Germany South America United States
Where is Cognac in relation to Bordeaux geographically? Armagnac?
Northeast of Bordeaux for Cognac
Southeast of Bordeaux for Armagnac
What are the 6 defined regions of production in Cognac in descending order of quality?
Grande Champagne Petite Champagne Borderies Fins Bois Bons Bois Bois Ordinaires (Bois à Terroirs)
What is the preferred soil type for Cognac grapes? What two regions have the highest proportions of it? What do the outlying other regions have in common in regards to soil type?
soft chalk
Grande Champagne and Petite Champagne
The other regions have higher proportions of hard limestone, sand, and clay
What are the main 3 grapes for Cognac production? What is the most preferred making up 98% of vineyard acreage in Cognac?
Ugni Blanc (St. Émilion) this is the most preferred and most widely-planted
Folle Blanch
Colombard
What is the synonym for Ugni Blanc in Cognac?
St. Émilion
What is the traditional distillation vessel for Cognac? What is the amount of times it must be distilled? Armagnac for both?
Copper Charentais pot still for both
Must be distilled at least twice for Cognac and may be distilled twice for Armagnac though a single distillation in a copper Continuous still is most common
What is the first distillation of Cognac called? What is the abv range? What happens to this after distillation? What is the second distillation called?
First distillation is called Brouillis (28-32% abv)
It is returned to the boiler to be distilled again, to extract the “soul” of Cogac.
Second distillation is called the Bonne Chauffe
The second distillation of Cognac, or bonne chaff is divided into several parts. What are they? (4)
Which is used becomes the Cognac and what % of the total distillate does it consist of?
What is the approximate strength of the brandy immediately following the second distillation?
the tête (heads)
coeur (heart) this becomes the Cognac and makes up about 40% of the total
secondes (second cuts)
queue (tails)
Strength is approximately 70%
Which two forest are the most important sources for wood to produce barrels for Cognac aging? Following aging what may be added to the Cognac to fix the alcoholic strength and color prior to bottling?
Limousin and Tronçais
water and caramel may be added
What are the designations of aging for Cognac and their aging requirements? As Cognac is often the product of a blend of vintages what do these aging requirements pertain to?
VS/Very Special/***:
min 2 years aging in cask
VSOP/Very Special or Superior, Old Pale:
min 4 years in cask
XO/Extra Old:
min 6 years with requirement increased to min 10 years in 2018
These designations refer to the youngest brandy used in the blend
What are the aging requirements for XO brandy? In practice how long are these usually aged?
min 6 years (min 10 years in 2018 forward)
in practice XO brandies are usually aged for much longer for at least 15 years or 20 years prior to release
Are vintage Cognacs produced? May Cognac be labeled by region of production?
Yes but they are very rare
May be labeled by region of production provided that 100% of the Cognac is produced in and comes from grapes grown in that region
What are the requirements for “Fine Champagne” Cognac?
It is distilled entirely form wines produced in Grande Champagne and Petite Champagne regions with Grande Champagne composing at least 50% of the blend.
What is the min % of eau de vie that must come from Grande Champagne in order for a bottle of Cognac to be labeled as “Fine Champagne”?
Min 50% from Grande Champagne
What are the 3 regions of production for Armagnac?
Haut-Armagnac
Bas-Armagnac
Armagnac-Ténarèze
What are the 4 primary grapes for Armagnac production? What is peculiar about one of these 4?
Ugni Blanc
Columbard
Folle Blanc (Picpoul)
Baco Blanc (the only hybrid grape authorized in any French AOP appellation)
What is the synonym for Folle Blanc in Armagnac?
Picpoul
What is the only hybrid grape allowed for French AOP wine? What region is it used in?
Baco Blanc used in Armagnac
What is the biggest difference in grapes used regarding the cepage between Cognac and Armagnac?
Cognac is more often produced from a single variety whereas Armagnac is more often produced from a blend of grapes
90% of Armagnac is produced from how many distillations in what distillation vessel?
once in a copper Continuous still
How does most Armagnac compare to Cognac?
Because most Armagnac is produced from a single distillation in a continuous copper still it is generally more flavorful, less pure, and less alcoholic
What are the minimum aging requirements for Cognac? Armagnac?
Cognac min 2 years
Armagnac min 1 year unless bottled after 3 months in inert container for Blanche Armagnac
What are the aging requirements for Blanche Armagnac? When did receive approval and authorization for AOP?
min 3 months in inert container
2005
What are the traditional (prior to 2013) and modern (as of 2013) aging designations for Armagnac? What organization oversees and regulates Armagnac production?
VS:
traditional: min 2 years in wood
modern: 1-3 years of age
VSOP
traditional: min 5 years
modern: 4-9 years of age
XO/Hors d’Age:
traditional: min 6 years
modern: min 10 years of age
Bureau National Interprofessionel de l’Armagnac (BNIA)
What do the terms coupage and petites eaux refer to in regards to Armagnac production?
Coupage refers to the blending of a number of barrel selections in order to achieve a desired style that remains consistent throughout the years.
Petites Eaux refers to a mixture of Armagnac and distilled water that is added to the blend prior to bottling, to achieve the appropriate strength of the spirit
What is the mixture of Armagnac and water added to the spirit prior to bottling called? What is its purpose?
Petites Eaux
added to fix the alcoholic strength to the min 40% required
What is the min abv for Armagnac? Cognac? Brandy in the EU?
min 40% for both
min 36% for Brandy in the EU
What are the aging requirements for vintage Armagnac?
min 10 years in cask before release
What are 4 top producers of Cognac? What are 2 top producers of Armagnac?
Cognac: Rémy Martin Hennessy Martell Courvoisier
Armagnac:
Larressingle
Château Laubade
What is a top producer of Armagnac focusing on vintage bottlings?
Château Laubade
Outside of Cognac and Armagnac, what are three other French eaux de vies? What is different in regards to their production material?
Fine de Bourgogne (Burgundy)
Fine de Bordeaux (Bordeaux)
Fine de la Marne (Marne, Champagne)
Fine uses the lees from a wine fermentation, Cognac and Armagnac are distilled from wine.
What are 5 grapes used for the production of Fine de Bordeaux? What are the main two that must account for 70% of the eau de vie? Where is most Fine de Bordeaux produced?
Ugni Blanc Colombard Merlot Blanc Muzac Odenc
Ugni Blanc and Colombard are the main two and makeup 70%
Côte de Blaye is where a majority of Fine de Bordeaux is produced.
What is the difference in regards to production material between Brandy, Fine, and Marc?
Brandy is distilled from wine
Fine is distilled from lees
Marc is distilled from pomace
What is Weinbraund?
German brandy produced in a Charentais pot still, using base wine produced from Cognac grapes.
Producer is Asbach
What are copper stills called in Jerez for the production of Brandy de Jerez? What are the main two grapes used for the production of Brandy de Jerez? What are three top producers?
alquitaras
Airén and Palomino grapes
Lustau, Domecq, and Osborne are three top producers
What is the traditional aging apparatus for Brandy de Jerez? What are the three aging designations for Brandy de Jerez?
solera made of American oak casks
Solera: aged on average for 1 year
Solera Reserva: on average for 3 years
Solera Grand Reserva: on average for 10 years
What is Portuguese brandy called?
Aguardiente
What is Buton?
Italian brandy producer making Cognac-style brandies from Trebbiano (Ugni Blanc)
What is a top producer of California Brandy?
Germain-Robin
What are pomace spirits called in France, Italy, and Portugal respectively?
Marc (France)
Grappa (Italy)
Bagaceira (Portugal)
Is the addition of water permitted for the production of most pomace spirits?
no
What are two top producers of grappa in Italy? Which is notable for producing a grappa from a single varietal? What was it?
Poli and Nonino
Nonino was the first to produce a single varietal grappa from Picolit
Is the aromatization of grappa permitted?
yes
What are the aging designations for grappa?
Youth Grappa (6-12 months aging)
Affinate Grappa (1 year in wood)
Vecchia/Invecchiata (12-18 months)
Vecchia/Invecchiata Riserva (18 months or more)
What is the eau de vie Calvados distilled from?
Apple and Pear cider
What are the 3 appellations for Calvados? Which is the premier appellation?
Calvados
Calvados Domfrontais
Calvados Pays d’Auge (premier appellation)
How many times is Calvados distilled and what is the traditional distillation vessel? What is the minimum aging requirement for Calvados?
twice in a copper pot still
minimum of two years in oak casks
What are the perry (pear cider) requirements for Calvados Pays d’Auge compared to Calvados Domfrontais?
max 30% for Calvados Pays d’Auge
min 30% for Calvados Domfrontais
What are the aging requirements for Calvados Pays d’Auge vs Calvados Domfrontais?
min 2 years for Pays d’Auge
min 3 years for Domfrontais
Is Calvados released as a multi vintage blend or vintage?
Can be released as both.
What are the aging designations for vintage Calvados?
Vieux/Réserve: min 3 years aging
Vieille Réserve of VSOP: min 4 years aging
XO/Hors d’Age/Extra/Napoléon: min 6 years
What is Fine Calvados? What are 3 other names for this designation?
Calvados that has been aged for the minimum 2 years
Trois Étoiles/Trois Pommes/VS
What are the European eaux de vie made from black cherries and Bartlett pears respectively? Where are they from traditionally?
Kirschwasser/Kirsch from black cherries traditionally produced in the Black Forest regions of Germany
Poire Williams from bartlett pears traditionally produced from perry (pear cider) in Switzerland though produced in other areas as well
Why is the alcoholic strength of Poire Williams usually high? What are two producers of it that bottle it with a pear inside?
Because it is not aged in barrel the strength can be high.
Clear Creek in Oregon and Miclo in France (Alsace) are great producers of this.
What is Framboise?
Can be a fruit lambic or refer to eau de vie made from Raspberries
Slivovitz, Mirabelle, Quetsch, and Prunelle are all examples of what?
plum eaux die vie
What is Boukha?
a fig eau de vie and the national drink of Tunisia
What is the popular Hungarian eau de vie made from apricot?
Barack Palinka
What is the national drink and eau de vie of Tunisia?
Boukha
What does “Production Fermière” mean on a bottle of Calvados?
That the Calvados was produced on the same estate that the fruit was harvested
What is rum distilled from? What is this a byproduct of?
fermented sugarcane (molasses) a byproduct of processing sugarcane into sugar
Where did the production of rum originate and when?
originated in the Caribbean in the 17th century and spread to Central and South America
What are the 4 major styles of rum? Describe them?
Light Rum:
distilled by continuous method and filtered with charcoal after a short period of cask aging to remove any color; best suited for mixing as it has little character
Dark Rum:
Fuller in body, darker in color, dominated by more complex caramel notes from cask aging and caramel addition
Demerara Rum:
light rum specialty of Guyana, distilled from molasses and aged sometimes for over a decade prior to release
Rhum Agricole:
produced mostly in Martinique (French Island in Caribbean) from the distillation of exclusively sugarcane juice; column distillation is mandated.
What is Cachaça distilled from? Where is it produced? What style of rum is it most comparable to?
Light rum in style distilled from fermented sugarcane and produced in Brazil
What are the 5 states for production of Tequila?
Jalisco Guanajuato Tamaulipas Nayarit Michocán
What is the source of juice that is to be fermented and distilled into Tequila?
the cooked piña, the heart of the blue agave plant
What is the min% of distillate that must come from blue agave for mixto Tequila?
min 51%
What two distillation vessels are used for Tequila production?
Continuous and in a traditional pot still
If Tequila is produced in a traditional pot still, how many times must it be distilled?
twice
What are the aging designations for Tequila?
Blanco/Silver:
bottled directly after distillation
Reposado:
aged between 60 days-1 year
Añejo:
1-3 years
Extra Añejo:
3 years plus
90% of Mezcal is produced as a distillate from what rather than the blue agave?
Agave Espadín (Agave angustifolia)
In addition to Agave Espadín and Blue Agave, what are 4 other plants sourced for Mezcal production?
Arroqueño
Tobalá
Tepeztate
Agave Karwinskii
What is the traditional aging designation for Meszcal?
Blanco is the traditional expression
Reposado (aged in oak barrel for min 2 months)
Añejo (aged for at least 1 year in 200L or less)
What state produces the majority of Mezcal?
Oaxaca
What style of Mezcal must include Maguey fiber?
Mezcal Ancestral
What is the base spirit used for Angustora bitters? Where is it produced?
Rum
Produced in Trinidad
What are 6 bitter herbal liqueurs produced in Italy? What are their primary flavors?
Campari (herbs, quinine, orange, rhubarb)
Aperol (Orange, Gentian, Rhubarb)
Fernet Branca (Herbs, roots, spices)
Averna (herbs, roots, Citrus)
Ramazzati (Herbs, Roots, Orange Peel, Anise)
Cynar (Artichoke)
What are 2 bitter herbal liqueurs produced in France? What are their primary flavors?
Amer Picon (Orange and Gentian) Suze (Gentian Root and Herbs)
What are two bitter herbal liqueurs produced in Germany?
Boonekamp
Jägermeister
Zwack is a herbal liqueur also called what from where?
Also called Unicum and produced in Hungary
What is the primary flavor and nation of origin for Cointreau?
Orange, France
What is the primary flavor and nation of origin for Curaçao?
Laraha Citrus
Netherlands (Antilles)
What is the primary flavor and nation of origin for Grand Marnier?
Cognac base flavored with orange
What is the primary flavor and nation of origin for Van Der Hume?
Tangerine
South Africa
What is the primary flavor and nation of origin for Maraschino?
Cherry
Croatia
What is the primary flavor and nation of origin for Chambord?
Black Raspberry
France
What is the primary flavor and nation of origin for Crème de Cassis?
Blackcurrant
France
What is the primary flavor and nation of origin for Cherry Heering?
Cherry
Denmark
What is the primary flavor and nation of origin for Pisang Ambon?
Banana
Netherlands
What is the primary flavor and nation of origin for Midori?
Melon
Japan
What is the primary flavor and nation of origin for Tamara?
Dates
Israel
What is the primary flavor and nation of origin for Malibu?
Coconut (rum base)
Barbados
What is the primary flavor and nation of origin for Sloe Gin?
Sloe berries (sweetened gin base) England
What is the primary flavor and nation of origin for Limoncello?
Lemon
Italy
What are two orange liqueurs produced in France? Which uses a Cognac base?
Cointreau Grand Marnier (Cognac base)
What Dutch Liqueur is produced from Laraha Citrus?
Curaço
What South African liqueur is produced from Tangerine?
Van der Hume
What Croatian liqueur is produced from Cherry?
Maraschino
What French liqueur is made from Blackcurrant? Black Raspberry?
Crème de Cassis (Blackcurrant)
Chambord (Black Raspberry)
What liqueur is made from cherry in Denmark?
Cherry Heering
What are two cherry liqueurs and their nations of origin?
Maraschino (Croatia) Cherry Heering (Denmark)
What liqueur is made from bananas in the Netherlands?
Pisang Ambon
What liqueur is made from melon in Japan?
Midori
What liqueur is made from dates in Israel?
Tamara
What liqueur is made from Coconut (rum base) in Barbados?
Malibu
What liqueur is made from sloe gin berries in England?
Sloe Gin
What liqueur is made from Lemons in Italy?
Limoncello
What is the name of the sweetened egg liqueur made in the Netherlands?
Advocaat
What is the name of the cream and chocolate liqueur made in Ireland?
Bailey’s
What South African liqueur is made from cream and Marula fruit?
Amarula
What Jamaican liqueur is made from coffee with a rum base?
Tia Maria
What Mexican liqueur is made from coffee with a rum base?
Kahlúa
What are two coffee liqueurs made from a rum base and their nations of origin?
Tia Maria (Jamaica) Kahlúa (Mexico)
What is the name of a Belgian chocolate liqueur?
Godiva
What is the name of the Italian liqueur produced from Hazelnut?
Frangelico
Amaretto is produced in what country and from what two ingredients?
Italy from Apricot and Almond
What are 5 whiskey-based liqueurs, primary flavors and nations of origin?
Southern Comfort:
Peach, Orange and Spice from America
Drambuie
Heather, honey, and herbs from Scotland
Glen Mist
Heather, honey, and herbs from Scotland
Glayva
Honey, Tangerine, and Spices form Scotland
Irish Mist
Honey and herbs from Ireland
What are 3 French liquors with Anise as the primary flavor?
Pernod
Ricard
Pastis 51
What is the name of the anise liqueur produced in Greece?
Ouzo
What are the primary flavors of Sambuca and where is it produced?
Anise and Elderberry
Italy
What are the primary flavors of Galliano and where is it produced?
Anise, herbs, and vanilla
produced in Italy
What are the primary flavors of Licor 43 and where is it produced?
Vanilla, herbs, and spice
Spain
What is the Danish liqueur produced from Caraway?
Kümmel?
What is Kümmel?
Danish liqueur produced with primary flavor of caraway
Bénédictine and Chartreuse are both examples of what?
Herbal liqueurs produced in France
What is B and B?
Blended Bénédictine and Brandy
What is Strega?
Italian liqueur with primary flavors of Saffron, Herbs, and Spices
What is the name of a French elderflower liqueur?
St. Germain
What is a liqueur produced with the primary flavor of mint?
Crème de Menthe
What is a Polish liqueur with the primary flavor of Honey?
Krupnik
What are two English gins distilled from grapes?
Chapel Down
Chilgrove
