Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Spinal > Spine Review > Flashcards

Spine Review Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae are in the cervical spine?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic vertebra?

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar spine?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many vertebrae are in the sacral spine?

A

5 fused

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many vertebrae are in the coccyx?

A

4 fused

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What makes up the functional spinal unit?

A

Two vertebral bodies, one intervertebral disk,facet joints and ligaments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A functional spinal unit is ALSO called a what?

A

The motion segment of the spine?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The thoracic and sacral curves are what classification of curve?

A

Primary curves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The thoracic and sacral curves are considered what type of curve?

A

Kyphotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The cervical and lumber curves are what classification of curve?

A

Secondary curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The cervical and lumber curves are what kind of curve?

A

Lordotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the magnitude of the cervical region?

A

30-35 degrees of lordosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the magnitude of the thoracic region?

A

40 degrees of kyphosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the magnitude of the lumber region?

A

45 degrees of lordosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the primary function of the cervical region?

A

Skull support and rotation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the primary function of the thoracic region?

A

Protect organs with the ribs, lateral flexion and rotation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the primary function of the lumber region?

A

Load bearing and shock absorption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the primary function of the sacral region?

A

Load bearing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the Primary function of the coccyx.?

A

Important attachment site for tendons, ligaments, and muscles. These muscles contribute to sitting, standing and bowel control.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ROM in the cervical region?

A

There is a lose amount of available movement in all 3 planes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ROM in the thoracic region?

A

Ribs limit thoracic motion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ROM of the lumbar region?

A

Rotation resistance in the lumbar region.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Motion at each level of the spine is determined by what?

A

The orientation of the facets.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is facet syndrome?

A

Facet are damaged or deteriorate. This causes nerves that enter exit the facet area to become irritated and cause back muscle spasms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Facet syndrome is often seen in what populations?

A

Older adults and arthritic populations.

26
Q

What makes up a facet joint?

A

A capsule, ligament, cartilage and fat pad that cushions each vertebrae.

27
Q

What are the 3 inter segmental spinal ligaments?

A

Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments, and supraspinous ligament.

28
Q

What 3 ligaments are intra segmental spinal ligaments?

A

Interspinous ligament, intertransverse ligament, and the ligamentum flavum.

29
Q

What is the purpose of the intra segmental spinal ligaments?

A

To hold the vertebra together.

30
Q

What is the purpose of the inter segmental spinal ligaments?

A

To span the vertebrae.

31
Q

What does the spine do?

A

Spinal chord protection, posture, transfers weight from head and neck to the pelvis. And carries compressive force loads.

32
Q

What happens to the spine during flexion?

A

Anterior tilting and gliding causes widening of intervertebral foramen and separation of spinous processes.

33
Q

What happens to the spine during extension?

A

Foremen is narrowed and spinous processes move closer together.

34
Q

What is a neurological instability?

A

The spinal chord is compromised.

35
Q

What is mechanical instability?

A

When the bony structure is not intact or maintained.

36
Q

What is musculoskeletal instability?

A

Unstable due to compromised ligamentous injury.

37
Q

What is the Denis 3 column theory.?

A

A mechanical classification based on anatomical location. Allows for determining the stability of the spine after a injury.

38
Q

What makes up the anterior column in the 3 column theory?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament, the anterior 2/3 of the vertebral body, and the anterior 2/3 of the IVD.

39
Q

What makes up the middle column of the 3 column theory?

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament, posterior 1/3 of the vertebral body, and the posterior 1/3 of the IVD.

40
Q

What makes up the posterior column of the 3 column theory?

A

Pedicles, ligmentum flavum, facet joints and articular processes, neural arch and inter connecting ligaments.

41
Q

Stability of a 1 column injury?

A

Stable.

42
Q

Stability of a 2 column injury?

A

Unstable

43
Q

Stability of a 3 column injury?

A

Invariably unstable.

44
Q

Loads on the spine are produced by?

A

Gravitational forces, muscle tension, and extend forces and moments.

45
Q

Physiological loads are shared by?

A

Spinal musculature and osteo-ligamentous tissues.

46
Q

Muscles have a small moment arm from the spine segment and result in amplification of?

A

Compressive loads on the spine

47
Q

Macro instability is a?

A

Gross disruption of the spine.

48
Q

Macro instability can lead to?

A

A progression in deformity at the injury sit and a possible neurological deficit.

49
Q

Macro instability can be attributed to which possible traumatic and pathological changes?

A

Fractures, tumors, infections, fracture-dislocations, and spondylolisthesis.

50
Q

Micro instability is?

A

Instability associated with degenerative disorders of the spine and is often seen in the lumbar spine.

51
Q

Micro instability can be caused by?

A

Degenerative disk disease, facet degeneration and cartilage degeneration.

52
Q

What are spinal levels used for?

A

Used to determine where to place pads or other interventions for treatment.

53
Q

Where is cervical level C3?

A

At the hyoid bone.

54
Q

Where is cervical level C7?

A

The most prominent cervical spinous process that can be palpated at the back of the neck.

55
Q

Where is thoracic level T1?

A

At the jugular notch.

56
Q

Where is thoracic level T8/T9?

A

The xiphoid process.

57
Q

Where is thoracic level T3?

A

The spine of the scapula.

58
Q

Where is thoracic level T7?

A

Inferior angle of the scapula.

59
Q

Where is lumbar level L2/L3?

A

The belly button.

60
Q

Where is lumbar level L4?

A

The iliac crest.

61
Q

Where is sacral level S1/S2?

A

ASIS

Spinal (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions