Spine Osteology

Question 1

describe the cervical spine

Answer 1

the cervical vertebrae is the most superior section of the vertebral collumn and it has 7 sections and it provides stability and movement for the head

Question 2

what are the main features of the cervical spine

Answer 2

vertebral foramen
transverse foramen
transverse processes
lamina
vertebral body
pedicle
spinous process

Question 3

how is the first cervical vertebra different to the rest

Answer 3

has no spinous process or vertebral body and is kniwn as the atlas

Question 4

describe the thoracic spine

Answer 4

has 12 vertebrae and they all articulate the ribs
T2-T8 are typical
T1, T9-T12 are atypical

Question 5

what are the main features of the T spine

Answer 5

they are larger than the C spine
small and circular vertebral foramen
heart shaped body

Question 6

describe the lumbar spine

Answer 6

largest of the vertebral cloumn
short and thick lamina

Question 7

how many intervertebral discs

Answer 7

there are 23 intervertebral disc and they contain the anullus fibrous which is the outer fibrous and the nucleus pulposus

Question 8

describe the sarcum

Answer 8

triangular shaped and there are 5 and they articulate the L5 and the coccycx

Question 9

what are the exagerrated curves of the spine

Answer 9

kyrohsis
scoliosis
lordosis

Question 10

AP C-spine

Answer 10

patient stood with posterior aspect of head and shoulders in contact with the image receptor
shoulders equidistant
if trauma patient lies on a trolly supine

centring at the C4/C5 with collimation including the C2 and the cervical-thoracic junction with tube angled at 15 degrees

Question 11

image evaluate for an AP C-Spine

Answer 11

C2 joint space and T1 transverse process demonstrated
spine in the centre of the image
no rotation
trabecular pattern

Question 12

Lateral C-spine

Answer 12

patient sat or stood with erect shoulder against he IR. Shouldered dropped and the head flexed so that the madnible angle is not superimposed over the cervical vertebra.

centring and the mastoid process with collimation including the whole cervical spine

Question 13

C-spine peg

Answer 13

patient stands with posterior aspect of the head in contact with the image receptor with shoulders equidistant and the head flexed or extended

centring should be so the central ray is at the midline of the mouth with collimation including the C1 and C2

Question 14

AP T-Spine

Answer 14

patient sat or stood with MSP perpendicular to the erect bucky
centring 2.5cm below the sternal angle
collimation should include the C7 to L1

Question 15

Lateral T-spine

Answer 15

patient stood with either shoulder in contact with the IR. MSP should be parralel to the IR with arms raised well above the head. IR should be placed just above the C7
centring at the T6/7 at the angle of the inferior scapula
collimation should include C7 to L1

Question 16

Lateral T-Spine image evaluation

Answer 16

T2 demonstrated
T12 demosntrated(demonstrated by absence of rib on L1)
vertebral body borders superimposed
spinouse processes superimposed
correct contrast and density

Question 17

AP L-Spine

Answer 17

patient stood with posterior aspect of head and shoulders in contact with the IR with shoulders relaxed down and equidistant to avoid rotation

exposure should be take upon exposure

centring at the crests with collimation including the T12 down to the sarco-illiac joints

Question 18

Lateral L-Spine

Answer 18

patient stood with either shoulder in contact with the IR with MSP parallel to the IR and arms raised well above the head with exposure taken upon arrested respiration

centring at the L3 with collimation incluidng the T12 down to the S1