Spine/ neck muscles

Question 1

Iliocostalis (“lateral column”)

Distal attachment

Answer 1

Distal attachment:
lumborum, thoracis, cervicis;
fibers run superiorly to angles of ribs and cervical transverse processes

Question 2

Longissimus (“intermediate column”)

Distal attachment

Answer 2

Distal attachment:
thoracis, cervicis, capitis;
fibers run superiorly to ribs between tubercles and angles to transverse processes in thoracic and cervical regions, and to mastoid process of temporal bone

Question 3

Spinalis (“medial column”)

Distal attachment

Answer 3

Distal attachment:
thoracis, cervicis, capitis;
fibers run superiorly to spinous processes in the upper thoracic region and to cranium

Question 4

Erector spinae 
Parts 
Origin
Innervation
Action

Answer 4

Origin:
By a broad tendon from posterior part of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacro-iliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament

Innervation:
Posterior rami of spinal nerves

Action:
Acting bilaterally: extend vertebral column and head; as back is flexed, control movement via eccentric contraction
Acting unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column

Question 5

Transversospinalis
Parts
Innervation
Action

Answer 5

Semispinalis, Multifidus,
Rotatores (brevis and longus)

Posterior rami of spinal nerves