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Anatomy > Spine: Muscles > Flashcards

Spine: Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Orbicularis Oculi

A

O: nasal part of the frontal bone, frontal process of maxilla bone, medial palpebral ligament (orbital part); medial palpebral ligament (palpebral part)
I: continues on itself (orbital part); lateral palpebral ligament (palpebral part)
A: squint eyes (orbital part); closes eyelids gently (palpebral part)
N: facial nerve (VII)

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2
Q

Nasalis

A

O: on maxilla just lateral to nasal bone (transverse part); on maxilla just over lateral incisor (alar part)
I: aponeurosis in mid-line of nose (transverse part); alar cartilage of the nose (alar part)
A: draws nose inferior and lateral/compresses the nose; flairs nostrils (alar part only)
N: facial nerve (VII)

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3
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

O: alveolar processes of maxilla, alveolar process of mandible, buccinator m. on either side
I: continues on itself, skin on lips
A: protrudes the lips, closes the lips
N: Facial Nerve (VII)

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4
Q

Buccinator

A

O: anterior margin of the pterymandibular raphe
I: orbicularis oris m.
A: Holds food towards teeth/in cheeks, helps to forcefully blow air out of mouth
N: facial nerve (VII)

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5
Q

Superior constrictor via Pterymandibular Raphe

A

O: pterygoid raphe
I: otherside of pterygoid raphe
A: supportive structures
N: facial nerve (VII)

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6
Q

Mylohyoid

A

O: mylohyoid line (line on medial aspect of mandible)
I: median raphe, superior aspect of the body of the hyoid
A: elevates hyoid (when mandible fixed), depresses mandible (when hyoid fixed)
N: mandibular nerve of trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve VII, branch III)

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7
Q

Geniohyoid

A

O: inferior mental spines (bumps on medial aspect of mandible)
I: superior aspect of hyoid (just superior to mylohyoid insertion)
A: elevates hyoid (when mandible fixed), depresses mandible (when hyoid fixed)
N: C1

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8
Q

Platysma

A

O: clavipectoral fascia & fascia from deltoid
I: mandible (medial fibers); blends into m’s of mouth (lateral fibers)
A: depresses mandible, draws lower lip down, tenses skin on neck
N: facial nerve (VII)

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9
Q

Occipitofrontalis

A

O: skin just above eyebrows (frontal belly); lateral 1/2 of superior nuchal line & part of mastoid process (occipital belly)
I: galea aponeurotica
A: lifts eyebrows together or separately (frontal belly); moves scalp backwards (occipital belly)
N: facial nerve (VII)

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10
Q

Masseter

A

O: runs from inferior aspect of temporal process of the zygomatic bone to maxillary process of zygomatic bone (superficial); inferior aspect of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone (deep)
I: lateral aspect of the ramus of the mandible (superficial); medial aspect of the mandible, nearing the ramus (deep)
A: elevates mandible
N: mandibular nerve of the trigeminal nerve

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11
Q

Temporalis

A

O: superior and inferior temporal lines, temporalis fascia & temporal fossa
I: coronoid process of mandible & anterior aspect of the body of the mandible (just posterior to last molar)
A: elevation of the mandible, retrusion of the mandible
N: mandibular nerve of the trigeminal nerve

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13
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

O: lateral 1/2 of superior nuchal line & inferior aspect of mastoid process
I: anterior aspect of manubrium & medial 1/3 of clavicle
A: side-bending to same side & rotate head to opposite side while tilting head upwards (unilat); extends atlato-occipital jt & flexion of lower C-spine (bilat); elevates clavicle & manubrium/forced inspiration (with head fixed)
N: accessory nerve (XI)

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14
Q

Anterior Scalene

A

O: anterior tubercles of C3-6
I: rib 1 on scalene tubercle (between grooves for subclavian artery & vein)
A: elevates rib 1
N: anterior rami of C4-7

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15
Q

Middle Scalene

A

O: posterior tubercles of C2-7
I: rib 1 (between head and groove for subclavian artery)
A: elevates rib 1
N: anterior rami of C3-8

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16
Q

Posterior Scalene

A

O: posterior tubercles of C4-6
I: upper aspect of rib 2 (just posterior to attachment for serratus anterior)
A: elevate rib 2
N: anterior rami of C5-7

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17
Q

Lateral Pterygoid

A

O: inferior aspect of greater wing of sphenoid (upper head); lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate (lower head)
I: capsule of TMJ
A: side to side movement of mandible
N; mandibular nerve (of trigeminal nerve)

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18
Q

Medial Pterygoid

A

O: medial surface of lateral pterygoid place (deep); inferior and lateral aspect of maxilla, aka tuberosity of maxilla (superficial)
I: medial surface of the angle of the mandible
A: elevates the mandible, side to side movement of the mandible
N: mandibular nerve (of the trigeminal nerve)

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19
Q

Trapezius

A

O: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberances, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T12
I: (upper fibers) lateral 1/3 of clavicle & lateral aspect of acromion process; (middle fibers) medial margin of acromion process & superior lip of spine of scapula; (lower fibers) inferior aspect of spine of scapula, closest to root of spine
A: (upper fibers) elevation of scapula, extension of C-spine bilaterally, rotation of head to same side unilat, upward rotation of scapula; (middle fibers) retraction of scapula; (lower fibers) depression of scapula, upward rotation of scapula
N: spinal accessory nerve (XI)

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20
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

O: posterior tubercles (on transverse processes) of C1-4
I: superior angle (of scapula) to superior aspect of medial border
A: elevate scapula, extension of C-spine bilat, downward rotation of scapula, side flexion/rotation of C-spine to same side unilat
N: dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5)

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21
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

O: thoracolumbar fascia, posterior 1/3 of iliac crest, spinous processes T6-L5 & their respective supraspinous ligaments, posterior aspect of ribs 9-12
I: posterior aspect of inferior angle of scapula, medial lip of bicipital groove (just anterior to teres major)
A: internal rotation of GH, extension of GH joint, adduction of GH joint, downward rotation of scapula, trunk closer to arms when insertion is fixed, anterior rotation of pelvis
N: thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)

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22
Q

Rhomboid minor

A

O: lower part of ligamentum nuchae and SP’s C7-T1
I: posterior aspect of medial border of scapula (superior to root of spine of scapula)
A: abduction/retraction of scapula, downward rotation of scapula, elevation of scapula
N: dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5)

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23
Q

Rhomboid major

A

O: spinous processes of T2-5
I: posterior aspect of medial border of scapula (below root of spine of scapula and to inferior angle)
A: abduction/retraction of scapula, downward rotation of scapula, elevation of scapula
N: dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5)

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24
Q

Longus Capitis

A

O: anterior tubercles C3-6
I: inferior aspect of the basiliar part of the occipital bone
A: flexion of occipit bilat, side-bending/rotation to same side (unilat)
N: anterior rami of C1-3

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25
Q

Longus Colli

A

O: (superior oblique part) anterior tubercles of C3-5; (inferior oblique part) anterior tubercles of C5-6; (vertical part) anterior aspect of vertebral bodies of C4-T1
I: (superior oblique part) anterior tubercle of C1; (inferior oblique part) anterior aspect of bodies of T1-3; (vertebral part) anterior aspect of bodies C2-4
A: side bending, flexion, rotation to same side & opposite side
N: anterior rami of C2-6

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26
Q

Rectus Capitis Anterior

A

O: anterior surface of lateral mass (at base of TP) of C1
I: inferior aspect of basilar part of occipital bone
A: flexion at atlanto-occipital, rotation to same side
N: anterior rami of C1-2

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27
Q

Rectus Capitis Lateralis

A

O: superior surface of TP of C1
I: inferior aspect of jugular process of occipital bone
A: side bending to same side
N: anterior rami of C1-2

28
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior

A

O: lower part of ligamentum nuchae, SP’s of C7-T3 & their respective suprarspinous ligaments
I: upper border of ribs 2-5 (just lateral to angle)
A: elevate ribs 2-5
N: anterior rami of T2-5

29
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior

A

O: SP’s of T10-L3 & their respective supraspinous ligaments
I: lower border of ribs 9-12 (just lateral to angle)
A: depress ribs 9-12
N: anterior rami of T9-12

30
Q

Splenius Capitis

A

O: lower part of ligamentum nuchae & SP’s of C7-T4
I: lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line & mastoid process
A: (bilat) extend neck; (unilat) side-bending/rotation to same side
N: posterior rami of C-spine

31
Q

Splenius Cervicis

A

O: SP’s of T3-6
I: posterior tubercles of C1-3
A: (bilat) extend C-spine, (unilat) side-bend/rotation to same side
N: posterior rami of C-spine & upper t-spine

32
Q

Iliocostalis Lumborum

A

O: common tendon (on dorsal aspect of sacrum), posterior iliac crest & TP’s of lumbar spine
I: posterior aspect of angles of ribs 6-12
A: (bilat) extension, (unilat) side-bend/rotation to same side
N: posterior rami of respective section

33
Q

Iliocostalis Thoracic

A

O: Angles of ribs 7-12
I: Angles of ribs 1-6
A: (bilat) extension, (unilat) side-bend/rotation
N: posterior rami of respective section

34
Q

Iliocostalis Cervicis

A

O: Angles of ribs 3-6
I: TP’s of C4-7
A: (bilat) extension, (unilat) side-bend/rotation & elevation of ribs 3-6
N: posterior rami of respective section

35
Q

Longissimus Thoracis

A

O: common tendon for erector spinae & anterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia
I: TP’s of thoracic spine & ribs 3-12 (lateral to tubercle)
A: (bilat) extension, (unilat) side-bend
N: posterior rami of respective section

36
Q

Longissimus Cervicis

A

O: TP’s of T1-5
I: TP’s C2-6
A: (bilat) extension, (unilat) side-bend
N: posterior rami of respective section

37
Q

Longissimus Capitis

A

O: TP’s of T1-5, articular process of T1-5 & articular process of C4-7
I: posterior aspect of the mastoid process
A: (bilat) extension, (unilat) side-bend
N: posterior rami of respective section

38
Q

Spinalis Thoracic

A

O: SP’s of T10-L2
I: SP’s of T1-8
A: (bilat) extension
N: posterior rami of respective section

39
Q

Spinalis Cervicis

A

O: lower part of ligamentum nuchae & SP’s of C7-T2
I: SP’s of C2-4
A: (bilat) extension
N: posterior rami of respective section

40
Q

Multifidis

A

O: posterior aspect of the sacrum (on medial aspect of iliac crest - at level of PSIS) & posterior sacro-iliac ligaments; (L-spine) mamillary processes, (T-spine) posterior aspect of TP’s, (C-spine) posterior aspect of articular processes
I: SP’s of whole spine (spans 2-4 vertebrae)
A: (bilat) extension, (unilat) rotate to opposite side
N: posterior rami of respective section

41
Q

Semispinalis Thoracis

A

O: TP’s of T6-10
I: SP’s of C6-T4
A: (bilat) extension, (unilat) side-bend to same side, rotate to opposite side
N: posterior rami of respective section

42
Q

Semispinalis Cervicis

A

O: TP’s of T1-6
I: SP’s of C2-7
A: (bilat) extension, (unilat) side-bend to same side, rotate to opposite side
N: posterior rami of respective section

43
Q

Semispinalis Capitis

A

O: TP’s of T1-7 & articular processes of C4-6
I: between superior and inferior nuchal lines
A: (bilat) extension, (unilat) side-bend to same side, rotation to opposite side; helps bring head backwards
N: posterior rami of respective section

44
Q

Rotatores Longus & Brevis

A

O: (lumborum) accessory process of TP; (thoracis & cervicis) TP’s
I: (brevis) base of SP above; (longus) base of SP 2 above
A: (bilat) extension, (unilat) rotate to opposite side
N: posterior rami of respective sections

45
Q

Interspinales

A

O: on either side of the interspinous ligament at superior aspect of the SP below
I: on either side of the interspinous ligament at inferior aspect of the SP above
A: stabilize vertebrae
N: posterior rami of respective sections

46
Q

Intertransversarii

A

O: TP below
I: TP above
A: side-bend
N: posterior rami of respective sections

47
Q

Levatores Costarum Longus & Brevis

A

O: TP of C7-T11
I: [upper thoracic] posterior surface at angle of rib below; [lower thoracic] (brevis) posterior surface at angle of rib below, (longus) posterior surface at angle of rib 2 above
A: elevate ribs
N: thoracic dorsal rami

48
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

A

O: SP of C2
I: inferior to inferior nuchal line
A: (bilat) extension), (unilat) rotation to same side
N: posterior rami of C1

49
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

A

O: posterior arch of C1
I: medial aspect of inferior nuchal line
A: (bilat) extension
N: posterior rami of C1

50
Q

Oblique Capitis Superior

A

O: TP of C1
I: between the superior and inferior nuchal linee
A: (bilat) extension, (unilat) side-bend to same side
N: posterior rami of C1

51
Q

Oblique Capitis Inferior

A

O: SP of C2
I: TP of C1
A: (bilat) extension, (unilat) rotation to same side
N: posterior rami of C1

52
Q

Diaphragm

A

O: (sternum) 2 slips from posterior aspect of xiphoid process; (costal) interior aspect of ribs 6-10 and their costocartilage; (lumbar) ALL, medial arcuate ligament, lateral arcuate ligament, left/right crura with L1-3 vertebral bodies/discs to form median arcuate ligament
I: central tendon
A: inspiration & expiration
N: phrenic nerve (C3)

53
Q

Transverse Abdominis

A

O: thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 3/4 of iliac crest, lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament, internal aspect of costocartilage of ribs 7-12 & blends in with diaphragm
I: linea alba, pubic crest & pectineal line
A: compresses abdominal contents; contracts with all mvmts
N: anterior rami of T7-12

54
Q

Internal Oblique

A

O: thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 1/2 of iliac crest, lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament
I: aponeurosis of internal oblique; blends into linea alba, pectineal line & pubic crest; inferior border of costocartilage of rib 10 & inferior border of ribs 10-12
A: (bilat) flex trunk, compress abdominal contents; (unilat) side-bend/rotate to same side
N: anterior rami of T7-12

55
Q

External Oblique

A

O: outer surfaces of ribs 5-12
I: aponeurosis of external oblique, linea alba, anterior 1/2 of iliac crest, inguinal ligament & pubic tubercle
A: (bilat) flexion of trunk, compress abdominal contents; (unilat) side-bend to same side, rotation to opposite side
N: anterior rami of T7-12

56
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A

superior attachment: medial 1/2 of lower border of rib 12, TP’s of L1-4
inferior attachment: TP of L5, iliolumbar ligament & inner lip of posterior 1/2 of iliac crest
A: stabilizes diaphragm; depresses rib 12; (when trunk fixed) elevates pelvis); (bilat) extension; (unilat) side-bend
N: anterior rami of T12-L3

57
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

O: pubic crest, pubic tubercle & pubic symphysis
I: xiphhoid process & costocartilage of ribs 5-7
A: flexion of trunk, compresses abdominal contents, maintains lumbar lordosis, (thorax fixed) pelvis moves towards thorax/posterior rotation of pelvis), (pelvis fixed) thorax moves towards pelvis
N: anterior rami of T7-12

58
Q

Pyramidalis

A

O: pubic crest
I: linea alba
A: tenses linea alba
N: anterior rami of T12

59
Q

External Intercostals

A

O: inferior margin of rib above
I: superior aspect of rib below
A: elevate ribs (in inspiration)
N: intercostal nerve of corresponding section (T1-11)

60
Q

Internal Intercostals

A

O: lateral aspect of costal groove of rib above
I: superior aspect of rib below
A: elevate ribs & depress ribs (during inspiration)
N: intercostal nerve of corresponding section (T1-11)

61
Q

Innermost Intercostals

A

O: medial aspect of costal groove
I: superior aspect of rib below
A: elevate ribs & depress ribs (in expiration)
N: intercostal nerve of corresponding section (T1-11)

62
Q

Subcostales

A

O: inferior internal surface of lower ribs near angle
I: superior internal surface near angle on either 2 ribs below or 3 ribs below
A: elevate ribs & depresses ribs (when coughing)
N: intercostal nerve of corresponding sectio (T1-11)

63
Q

Transverse Thoracics

A

O: lower margin of internal surfaces of costocartilages of ribs 2-6
I: posterior aspect of sternum and xiphoid process
A: depress ribcage
N: intercostal nerve of corresponding section (T1-11)

63
Q

Omohyoid

A

O: (horizontal belly) medial aspect of suprascapular notch
I: common tendon of omohyoid, onto inferior aspect of hyoid
A: depresses the hyoid
N: anterior rami of C1-3

Anatomy (5 decks)

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