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Anatomy > Lower Extremity: Muscles > Flashcards

Lower Extremity: Muscles Flashcards

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0
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

O: straight head: AIIS; reflected head: on rim, superior to acetabulum
I: blends into common quadriceps tendon and inserts on tibia tuberosity by way of patellar tendon
A: flexion of the hip, extension of the knee
N: femoral nerve (L2-4)

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1
Q

Sartorius

A

O: ASIS & notch inferior to ASIS
I: Pes anserine (middle & most superior) on the superior medial aspect of the anterior surface of the tibia
A: flexion of the hip, abduction of the hip, external rotation of the hip, flexion of the knee, internal rotation of tibia (when hip/knee are flexed)
N: femoral nerve (L2-4)

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2
Q

Vastus Lateralis

A

O: proximal 1/2 of intertrochanteric line; anterior, inferior border of greater trochanter; lateral lip of gluteal tuberosity; lateral lip of linea aspera; lateral intermuscular septum
I: common quadriceps tendon to tibia tuberosity
A: extension of the knee
N: femoral nerve (L2-4)

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3
Q

Vastus Intermedius

A

O: proximal 2/3 of anterior and lateral shaft of femur; distal 1/2 of linea aspera (as it approaches the lateral lip)
I: quadriceps tendon to tibial tuberosity by way of patellar ligament
A: extension of the knee
N: fermoral nerve (L2-4)

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4
Q

Vastus Medialis

A

O: distal 1/2 of intertrochanteric line; approaches medial lip of linea aspera; proximal 1/2 of medial supracondylar ridge; tendons of adductor longus + magnus; medial intermuscular septum
I: blends into quadriceps tendon to tibial tuberosity by way of patellar ligament
A: extension of knee
N: femoral nerve (L2-4)

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5
Q

Psoas Major

A

O: anterior aspect of vertebral bodies T12-L5; intervertebral disks of T12 thru L4; anterior aspect of the transverse processes of T12-L5
I: lesser trochanter of femur
A: flexion of hip, external rotation of hip, flexion of lumbar spine (bilateral contraction), side bend vertebral column (unilat contraction with foot fixed)
N: anterior rami of L1-4

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6
Q

Psoas Minor

A

O: bodies of T12 and L1
I: arcuate line; iliac fascia
A: flexion of trunk
N: anterior rami of L1-2

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7
Q

Iliacus

A

O: superior 2/3 of iliac fossa; iliolumbar, lumbosacral and anterior sacroiliac ligaments; anterior and lateral aspect of the ala of sacrum
I: lesser trochanter of femur
A: flexion of hip, external rotation of hip, flexion of trunk
N: femoral nerve (L2-4)

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8
Q

Piriformis

A

O: anterior surface of sacrum between pelvic foramina; anterior aspect of sacroiliac joint
I: superior aspect of the greater trochanter
A: external rotation of the hip, abduction of the hip (when hip is flexed), stabilizes femoral head into acetabulum
N: nerve to piriformis (S1-2)

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9
Q

Obturator Externus

A

O: superior & inferior pubic ramus
I: superior aspect of trochanteric fossa
A: external rotation of hip, abduction of hip (when hip is flexed), stabilizes head of femur to acetabulum
N: posterior branch of obturator nerve (L2-4)

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10
Q

Obturator Internus

A

O: obturator membrane & posterior surface of superior and inferior pubic ramus
I: superior greater trochanter (lies inferior to piriformis insertion)
A: external rotation of hip, abduction of hip (when hip is flexed), stabilizes head of femur to acetabulum
N: nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1-2)

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11
Q

Gemellus Superior

A

O: posterior aspect of ischial spine
I: superior aspect of greater trochanter (just inferior to piriformis)
A: external rotation of hip, abduction of hip (when hip flexed), stabilized head of femur to acetabulum
N: nerve to obturator internur (L5, S1-2)

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12
Q

Gemellus Inferior

A

O: superior & posterior aspect of ischial tuberosity
I: superior aspect of greater trochanter (just inferior to piriformis)
A: external rotation of hip, abduction of hip (when hip flexed), stabilizes head of femur to acetabulum
N: nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-5, S1)

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13
Q

Quadratus Femoris

A

O: lateral border of ischial tuberosity
I: quadrate tubercle of femur (in intertrochanteric crest)
A: external rotation of hip, abduction of hip (when hip flexed)
N: nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-5, S1)

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14
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

O: on ilium, posterior to posterior gluteal line; upper half of sacrotuberous ligament; posterior part of sacrum & coccyx
I: superficial: iliotibial tract; deep: gluteal tuberosity
A: hip extension and external rotation (all fibers), hip abduction (upper fibers only), hip adduction (lower fibers only)
N: inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1-2)

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15
Q

Tensor Fascia Latae

A

O: anterior aspect of lateral lip of iliac crest; posterior to ASIS
I: iliotibial tract
A: hip flexion, hip abduction, knee extension
N: superior gluteal nerve (L4-5, S1)

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16
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

O: superior border: anterior gluteal line; inferior border: inferior gluteal line (below AIIS); posterior border: greater sciatic notch; anterior border: AIIS
I: anterior aspect on greater trochanter; anterior aspect of hip joint capsule
A: Flexion of hip, abduction of hip, interior rotation of hip
N: superior gluteal nerve (L4-5, S1)

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17
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

O: inferior border: anterior gluteal line; posterior border: posterior gluteal line; superior border: iliac crest
I: oblique ridge on lateral surface of greater trochanter
A: abduction of hip (all fibers), flexion & internal rotation of hip (anterior fibers), extension & external rotation of hip (posterior fibers), prevents pelvis from dropping in stance
N: superior gluteal nerve (L4-5, S1)

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18
Q

Gracilis

A

O: inferior 1/2 of symphysis pubis; medial margin of inferior ramus of pubic bone
I: superior part of medial surface of tibial (proximal to insertion of semitend & lateral to insertion of sartorius)
A: adduction of hip, flexion of knee, internal rotation of knee (when knee flexed), stabilize medial aspect of knee (when knee extended)
N: obturator nerve (L2-4)

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19
Q

Pectineus

A

O: superior ramus of pubis; pectin pubis (between pubic tubercle & iliopubic eminence)
I: pectineal line
A: adduction of hip, flexion of hip, internal rotation of hip
N: femoral nerve (L2-4)

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20
Q

Adductor Longus

A

O: anterior surface of pubis at junction of crest and symphysis
I: middle 1/3 of medial lip of linea aspera of femur
A: adduction of hip, flexion of hip
N: obturator nerve (L2-4) - anterior branch

21
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

O: body and inferior ramus of pubis
I: distal 2/3 of pectineal line; proximal 1/2 of medial lip of linea aspera of the femur (posterior to add. longus)
A: adduction of the hip, flexion of the hip, internal rotation of the hip
N: obturator nerve (L2-4)

22
Q

Adductor Magnus

A

O: adductor part: inferior ramus of pubis & ramus of ischium; hamstring part: ischial tuberosity
I: adductor part: medial to gluteal tuberosity, middle of linea aspera & medial supracondylar line; hamstring part: adductor tubercle
A: adduction of hip (all); flexion & internal rotation of hip (adductor part); extension & external rotation of hip (hamstring part)
N: adductor part: obturator nerve (L2-4); hamstring part: tibial aspect of sciatic nerve (L4-5, S1)

23
Q

Biceps Femoris

A

O: long head: distal part of sacrotuberous ligament, posterior inferior part of ischial tuberosity & common tendon to semiteninosus; short head: lateral lip of linea aspera (between add. magnus & vastus lateralis), proximal 2/3 of sypracondylar line & lateral intramuscular septum
I: tendon is split by LCL, lateral side of head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia & fibular collateral ligament
A: flexion of knee, external rotation of knee, extension of knee (long head only), hip extension (long head only), external rotation of hip (long head only)
N: long head: tibial branch of sciatic nerve (L5, S1-3); short head: peroneal branch of sciatic nerve (L5, S1-2)

24
Q

Semitendinosus

A

O: distal part of sacrotuberous ligament, posterior inferior part of ischial tuberosity & common tendon
I: proximal part of medial surface of body of tibia, pes anserine group & deep fascia of leg
A: flexion of knee, internal rotation of knee, extension of hip, internal rotation of hip
N: tibial branch of sciatic nerve (L4-5, S1-2)

25
Q

Semimembranosus

A

O: distal part of sacrotuberous ligament, posterior inferior part of ischial tuberosity & common tendon
I: posterior medial aspect of medial condyle of tibia
A: flexion of knee, internal rotation of knee, extension of hip, internal rotation of hip, tilts the pelvis posteriorly
N: tibial branch of sciatic nerve (L4-5, S1-2)

26
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

O: lateral condyle of tibia, proximal 1/2 of lateral surface of tibia, anterior surface of interosseous membrane, deep fascia of leg
I: medial and plantar surfaces of medial cuneiform & 1st metatarsal
A: dorsiflexion at talocrural joint, inversion at subtalar joint, helps stabilize medial longitudinal arch of foot
N: deep fibular nerve (L4-S2)

27
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

O: lower 1/2 of anterior surface of interrosseous membrane; middle 1/2 of anterior surface of fibula
I: dorsal surface of base of distsal phalanx of 1st metatarsal
A: extends interphalangeal & metaphalangeal joint, dorsiflexion at talocrural joint, inversion at subtalar joint
N: deep fibular nerve (L4-S2)

28
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

O: anterior intermuscular septum; lateral condyle of tibia; proximal 1/2 of anterior surface of fibula; proximal 1/2 of interosseous membrane
I: base of distal phalanx on dorsal surface & into dorsal digital expansion (extensor hoods) of digits 2-5
A: extension of metatarsal phalangeal joint, extension of interphalangeal joint (PIP & DIP), extension of talocrural joint
N: deep fibular nerve (L4-S2)

29
Q

Fibularis Tertius

A

O: longer 1/3 of medial surface of fibula
I: dorsal aspect of 5th metatarsal
A: dorsiflexion at talocrural joint, eversion of subtalar joint
N: deep fibular nerve (L4-S2)

30
Q

Peroneus Longus (Fibularis Longus)

A

O: upper 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula; lateral surface of the head of the fibular; anterior intermuscular septum
I: base of plantar surface of lateral cuneiform; head of distal aspect of plantar surface of medial cuneiform; plantar surface of base of 1st metatarsal
A: eversion of subtalar joint, plantar flexion
N: superficial fibular nerve (L4-S2)

31
Q

Fibularis Brevis

A

O: distal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
I: base (styloid process) of 5th metatarsal
A: eversion of subtalar joint, plantar flexion
N: superficial fibular nerve (L4-S2)

32
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

O: posterior aspect of medial & lateral femoral condyles
I: calcaneal (Achilles) tendon on posterior surface of calcaneus
A: plantar flexion of talocrural, knee flexion
N: tibial nerve of sciatic branch (L4-S3)

33
Q

Soleus

A

O: fibular: posterior aspect of fibular head & proximal 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula; tibia: inferior to soleal line & middle 1/3 of medial border of tibia (inferior to soleal line)
I: calcaneal (Achilles) tendon on posterior surface of calcaneus
A: plantar flexion of talocrural joint
N: tibial nerve of sciatic branch (L4-S3)

34
Q

Plantaris

A

O: distal 1/2 of lateral supracondylar ridge; popliteal surface of femur
I: posterior surface of calcaneus (medial to Achilles tendon insertion)
A: plantar flexion of talocrural joint, flexion of knee, inversio of subtalar joint
N: tibial nerve of sciatic branch (L4-S3)

35
Q

Popliteus

A

O: anterior aspect of lateral aspect of femur & lateral meniscus
I: posterior surface of proximal tibia (above soleal line)
A: internal rotation of tibia (non-weight bearing, foot not fixed), external rotation of femur on tibia (during weight bearing)
N: tibial nerve of sciatic branch (L4-S3)

36
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

O: distal 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula; inferior aspect of posterior aspect of interosseous membrane; transverse intermuscular septum
I: plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of 1st metatarsal
A: flexion of interphalangeal & metatarsophalangeal joints of 1st, plantar flexion of talocrural joint, inversion of subtalar joint
N: tibial nerve of sciatic branch (L4-S3)

37
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

O: posterior surface of tibia in between soleal line and vertical ridge
I: base of distal phalanx on plantar surface of 2-5th
A: flexion of DIP, PIP & MP; plantar flexion of talocrural; inversion of subtalar joint
N: tibial nerve of sciatic branch (L4-S3)

38
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

O: posterior surface of tibia (lateral to vertical ridge, inferior to soleal line); posterior aspect of interosseous membrane; proximal 2/3 of medial surface of tibula; transverse intermuscular septum)
I: plantar surface of navicular tiberosity; plantar surface of all cuneiforms; medial aspect of plantar surface of cuboid; plantar surface of bases of 2-4
A: inversion of subtalar joint, plantar flexio of talocrural joint, assists with medial longitudinal arch of foot
N: tibial nerve of sciatic branch (L4-S3)

39
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

A

O: dorsal lateral aspect of calcaneus (just infront of sinus tarsi); lateral talocrural ligament
I: 1st: head of proximal phalanx of big toe (EXTENSOR HALLUCIS BREVIS); 2nd-5th: head of proximal phalanx
A: extension of MP, DIP & PIP
N: deep fibular nerve (L4-S2)

40
Q

Abductor Hallucis

A

O: medial process of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum
I: medial side of medial sesamoid bone; medial side of proximal phalanx
A: abduction of big toe, flexion of MP joint, adduction of forefoot
N: medial plantar nerve (S2-3)

41
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

A

O: medial process on calcaneal tuberosity; plantar aponeurosis (plantar fascia)
I: either side of plantar surface of middle phalanx
A: flexion of MP & PIP
N: medial plantar nerve (S2-3)

42
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

O: medial and lateral processes of calcaneal tuberosity
I: lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx of 5th
A: abduction of 5th toe, flexion of MP joint of 5th
N: lateral plantar nerve (S2-3)

43
Q

Flexor Digitorum Accessories (Quadratus Plantae)

A

O: medial: medial surface of calcaneus & medial border of long plantar ligament; lateral: lateral surface of calcaneus & lateral border of long plantar ligament
I: lateral side of flexor digitorum longus tendon (before it divides)
A: flexion of DIP, PIP & MP
N: lateral plantar nerve (S2-3)

44
Q

Lumbricals

A

O: flexor digitorum longus tendons (1st: medial aspect; 2nd-4th: lateral and medial aspect)
I: dorsal digitorum expansion (extensor hoods)
A: extension of DIP, PIP & MP; flexion of MP
N: 2nd-3rd: medial plantar nerve (S2-3); 4th-5th: lateral plantar nerve (S2-3)

45
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

A

O: lateral: plantar surface of cuboid just proximal to ridge; medial: tendon of tibialis posterior
I: plantar surface of base of proximal phalanx & lateral/medial sesamoid bones
A: flexion of MP joint
N: medial plantar nerve (S2-3)

46
Q

Adductor Hallucis

A

O: transverse: plantar plates of 3-5 of MP joints; oblique: bases of metatarsals 2-4
I: common tendon attaches to lateral sesamoid bone & lateral surface of proximal phalanx of big toe
A: adduction of 1st toe, flexion of MP of 1st toe
N: lateral plantar nerve (S2-3)

47
Q

Flexor Digitorum Minimi

A

O: plantar base of 5th metatarsal
I: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx
A: flexion of MP of 5th toe
N: lateral plantar nerve (S2-30

48
Q

Dorsal Interossei

A

O: adjacent parts on our metatarsals
I: 1st: medial aspect of base of proximal phalanx; 2nd-3rd: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx; 4th: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx & medial side of 5th
A: abduction of toes (2-4)
N: lateral plantar nerve (S2-3)

49
Q

Plantar Interossei

A

O: bases of 3rd to 5th metatarsals
I: medial surface of base of proximal phalanx & dorsal digital expansion
A: adduction of toes (3-5), extension of toes (3-5)
N: lateral plantar nerve (S2-3)

Anatomy (5 decks)

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