SPINE KINES REVIEW QUIZ Flashcards
A spinal motion segment includes
Group of answer choices
All the vertebrae in a designated portion of the spine (i.e. all the thoracic vertebrae)
The natural lordosis or kyphosis of the spine
The soft tissue associated with the spine including ligaments and muscles
Two adjacent vertebral bodies and their intervertebral disc
Two adjacent vertebral bodies and their intervertebral disc
How does the spinal disc receive a blood supply
Group of answer choices
Through arteries directly into the disc
Through cerebrospinal fluid
Through osmosis
Through diffusion
Through diffusion
Much of the height change associated with aging is due to
Group of answer choices
Loss of fluid in the intervertebral disc
Criss-cross arrangement of the annulus fibrosis
Collapsing of the intervertebral vertebrae
Reorganization the endplate
Loss of fluid in the intervertebral disc
The direction of motion in the spine is determined by the
Group of answer choices
Tightness of the ligaments
Orientation of the facet joints
Size of the disc
Width of the vertebral body
Orientation of the facet joints
During spinal flexion the intervertebral foramen become ____ and the spinous processes _____ and the anterior portion of the disc is ___________
Group of answer choices
Wider; Separate; Compressed
Narrower; Separate; Compressed
Narrower; Approximate each other; Stretched
Wider; Approximate each other; Stretched
Wider; Separate; Compressed
Coupled motion in the spine occurs
Group of answer choices
Only with flexion
Throughout the spine
Only with rotation
Only in the lumbar region
Throughout the spine
How are C7 and T12 similar
Group of answer choices
Both have transverse foramen
The transverse diameter of the vertebral body is larger than the anterior-posterior diameter
Both have transverse facets
Both have long spinous processes
Both have long spinous processes
Thoracic rotation results in a change in the shape of the thoracic cavity
Group of answer choices
True
False
True
Which vertebrae have transverse foramen
Group of answer choices
Lumbar
Sacral
Thoracic
Cervical
Cervical
The anterior portion of the spine bears most of the load
Group of answer choices
True
False
True
The posterior portion of the spine guides motion
Group of answer choices
True
False
True
The anterior portion of the lumbar facets are aligned in the frontal plane. This is most beneficial for limiting
Group of answer choices
Side bending
Torsional stress
Hyperextension
Anterior shear stress
Anterior shear stress
In any synovial joint that contains a disc, we can assume that
Group of answer choices
There will be no joint capsule
A sesamoid bone is nearby
The disc contains a nucleus pulposis
Large forces are transmitted through the joint
Large forces are transmitted through the joint
Which of the following are transitional vertebrae
Group of answer choices
Fused sacral vertebrae
C7, T12, L5
C1, C2 and C7
C6, C7, T1 and T2
C7, T12, L5
On your patient’s X-ray you notice that the L5 vertebrae is wedge shaped with the anterior portion taller than the posterior portion. This contributes to
Group of answer choices
Lumbar scoliosis
Lumbar kyphosis
Lumbar lordosis
Lumbar stenosis
Lumbar lordosis
The anterior shear of the L5 vertebrae on the sacrum _____ when the lordosis is greater than normal
Group of answer choices
Decreases
Increases
Vacillates
Normalizes
Increases
The orientation of the facets of a motion segment lie primarily in the sagittal plane. What motion can occur?
Group of answer choices
Shear
Flexion
Lateral bending
Rotation
Flexion
Important research done in the 1970’s revealed that unsupported sitting puts ____ pressure on the lumbar spinal discs when compared with standing
Group of answer choices
Shear
Less
Torsion
More
More
Flexing the hips reduces loading on the lumbar spine. This is due to
Group of answer choices
Relaxation of the sacroiliac joints
Increased lumbar lordosis
Reduced tension in the psoas muscle
Reduced weight bearing
Reduced tension in the psoas muscle
Along the spine, some small, deep muscles lie very close to the axis of movement. When these muscles contract they help with
Group of answer choices
Proprioception
Motion
Neutralizing loads
Stability
Stability
Bilateral contraction of anterior neck muscles cause ________. Unilateral contraction of anterior neck muscles cause __________
Group of answer choices
Flexion; Extension
Side bending; Flexion
Extension; Flexion
Flexion; Side bending
Flexion; Side bending
What do the layers of the abdominal muscles, intercostal muscles and annulus fibrosis have in common
Group of answer choices
They are all embedded within the thoracolumbar fascia
Passive insufficiency can be a concern for each of these structures
The fibers of each layer run in different directions
All cause compressive forces
The fibers of each layer run in different directions
We hear a lot about core strength and stability. What are the major component of the core?
Group of answer choices
Abdominal muscles, extensor muscles, diaphragm, pelvic floor muscles
Abdominal muscles and pelvic floor muscles
Abdominal muscles, intercostal muscles, spinal vertebrae, spinal discs
Abdominal muscles, thoracolumbar fascia, ligamentum flavum, pelvic floor muscles
Abdominal muscles, extensor muscles, diaphragm, pelvic floor muscles
The head weighs roughly 12 pounds. When a person looks down at their cell phone (with the neck flexed) it is as though the same head weighs 60 pounds. This because
Group of answer choices
With flexion, the moment arm of the head increases thereby increasing the head’s torque
When looking down, changes in vestibular input create the perception that the head is heavier
No answer text provided.
With flexion, the superior aspect of the head, which weighs more than the lower portion of the head, is further forward and therefore the head feels heavier
With flexion, the moment arm of the head increases thereby increasing the head’s torque
In the cervical spine, the greatest amount of rotation is available at which of the following motion segments?
Group of answer choices
C1 to C2
C0 to C1
C4 to C5
C6 to C7
C1 to C2
Which of the following structures would be best suited to resist the tensile forces produced during spinal extension?
Group of answer choices
Posterior vertebral body
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Facet capsule
Anterior longitudinal ligament
What posture does this describe: Simultaneous hyperextension of the upper cervical spine, flattening of lower cervical spine lordosis, increased thoracic kyphosis, elevation/protraction of shoulders.
Group of answer choices
Relaxed, neutral upright posture
Scoliosis
No answer text provided.
Forward head
Forward head
Which of the following abdominal muscles would be active during trunk rotation to the left?
Group of answer choices
Left internal oblique, left external oblique
Right internal oblique, left external oblique
Left internal oblique, right external oblique
Right internal oblique, right external oblique
Left internal oblique, right external oblique
Given the vertebral structure and orientation of the facet joints in the thoracic spine, which of the following motions would be most limited?
Group of answer choices
Lateral flexion
Rotation
Flexion
Extension
Extension
If the ground reaction force is posterior to the trunk, hip, knee and ankle, what type of moment is at each joint?
Group of answer choices
Trunk-flexion; Hip-flexion; Knee-extension; Ankle-dorsiflexion
runk-flexion; Hip-flexion; Knee-flexion; Ankle-plantarflexion
Trunk-extension; Hip-extension; Knee-flexion; Ankle-plantarflexion
Trunk-extension; Hip-extension; Knee-extension; Ankle-dorsiflexion
Trunk-extension; Hip-extension; Knee-flexion; Ankle-plantarflexion
Using an ankle strategy, if you were to be pushed backward, how would your muscles respond
Group of answer choices
Your tib anterior would contract first followed by your shoulder and wrist/hand muscles
Your gastric/soleus would contract first followed by your hamstrings, then your trunk and neck extensors
Your tib anterior would contract first followed by your quads, then your abdominals and neck flexors
Your gastric/soleus would contract first followed by your quads, then your elbow/wrist and hand muscles
Your tib anterior would contract first followed by your quads, then your abdominals and neck flexors
When a person has genu valgum the line of gravity falls ____ to the axis of the joint thereby creating increased ____ force
Group of answer choices
Medial; Valgus
Lateral; Varus
Lateral; Valgus
Medial; Varus
Lateral; Valgus
