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kines review > SPINE KINES REVIEW QUIZ > Flashcards

SPINE KINES REVIEW QUIZ Flashcards

1
Q

A spinal motion segment includes
Group of answer choices

All the vertebrae in a designated portion of the spine (i.e. all the thoracic vertebrae)

The natural lordosis or kyphosis of the spine

The soft tissue associated with the spine including ligaments and muscles

Two adjacent vertebral bodies and their intervertebral disc

A

Two adjacent vertebral bodies and their intervertebral disc

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2
Q

How does the spinal disc receive a blood supply
Group of answer choices

Through arteries directly into the disc

Through cerebrospinal fluid

Through osmosis

Through diffusion

A

Through diffusion

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3
Q

Much of the height change associated with aging is due to
Group of answer choices

Loss of fluid in the intervertebral disc

Criss-cross arrangement of the annulus fibrosis

Collapsing of the intervertebral vertebrae

Reorganization the endplate

A

Loss of fluid in the intervertebral disc

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4
Q

The direction of motion in the spine is determined by the
Group of answer choices

Tightness of the ligaments

Orientation of the facet joints

Size of the disc

Width of the vertebral body

A

Orientation of the facet joints

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5
Q

During spinal flexion the intervertebral foramen become ____ and the spinous processes _____ and the anterior portion of the disc is ___________
Group of answer choices

Wider; Separate; Compressed

Narrower; Separate; Compressed

Narrower; Approximate each other; Stretched

Wider; Approximate each other; Stretched

A

Wider; Separate; Compressed

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6
Q

Coupled motion in the spine occurs

Group of answer choices

Only with flexion

Throughout the spine

Only with rotation

Only in the lumbar region

A

Throughout the spine

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7
Q

How are C7 and T12 similar

Group of answer choices

Both have transverse foramen

The transverse diameter of the vertebral body is larger than the anterior-posterior diameter

Both have transverse facets

Both have long spinous processes

A

Both have long spinous processes

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8
Q

Thoracic rotation results in a change in the shape of the thoracic cavity
Group of answer choices

True

False

A

True

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9
Q

Which vertebrae have transverse foramen

Group of answer choices

Lumbar

Sacral

Thoracic

Cervical

A

Cervical

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10
Q

The anterior portion of the spine bears most of the load

Group of answer choices

True

False

A

True

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11
Q

The posterior portion of the spine guides motion
Group of answer choices

True

False

A

True

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12
Q

The anterior portion of the lumbar facets are aligned in the frontal plane. This is most beneficial for limiting
Group of answer choices

Side bending

Torsional stress

Hyperextension

Anterior shear stress

A

Anterior shear stress

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13
Q

In any synovial joint that contains a disc, we can assume that
Group of answer choices

There will be no joint capsule

A sesamoid bone is nearby

The disc contains a nucleus pulposis

Large forces are transmitted through the joint

A

Large forces are transmitted through the joint

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14
Q

Which of the following are transitional vertebrae
Group of answer choices

Fused sacral vertebrae

C7, T12, L5

C1, C2 and C7

C6, C7, T1 and T2

A

C7, T12, L5

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15
Q

On your patient’s X-ray you notice that the L5 vertebrae is wedge shaped with the anterior portion taller than the posterior portion. This contributes to
Group of answer choices

Lumbar scoliosis

Lumbar kyphosis

Lumbar lordosis

Lumbar stenosis

A

Lumbar lordosis

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16
Q

The anterior shear of the L5 vertebrae on the sacrum _____ when the lordosis is greater than normal
Group of answer choices

Decreases

Increases

Vacillates

Normalizes

A

Increases

17
Q

The orientation of the facets of a motion segment lie primarily in the sagittal plane. What motion can occur?
Group of answer choices

Shear

Flexion

Lateral bending

Rotation

A

Flexion

18
Q

Important research done in the 1970’s revealed that unsupported sitting puts ____ pressure on the lumbar spinal discs when compared with standing
Group of answer choices

Shear

Less

Torsion

More

A

More

19
Q

Flexing the hips reduces loading on the lumbar spine. This is due to
Group of answer choices

Relaxation of the sacroiliac joints

Increased lumbar lordosis

Reduced tension in the psoas muscle

Reduced weight bearing

A

Reduced tension in the psoas muscle

20
Q

Along the spine, some small, deep muscles lie very close to the axis of movement. When these muscles contract they help with
Group of answer choices

Proprioception

Motion

Neutralizing loads

Stability

A

Stability

21
Q

Bilateral contraction of anterior neck muscles cause ________. Unilateral contraction of anterior neck muscles cause __________
Group of answer choices

Flexion; Extension

Side bending; Flexion

Extension; Flexion

Flexion; Side bending

A

Flexion; Side bending

22
Q

What do the layers of the abdominal muscles, intercostal muscles and annulus fibrosis have in common
Group of answer choices

They are all embedded within the thoracolumbar fascia

Passive insufficiency can be a concern for each of these structures

The fibers of each layer run in different directions

All cause compressive forces

A

The fibers of each layer run in different directions

23
Q

We hear a lot about core strength and stability. What are the major component of the core?
Group of answer choices

Abdominal muscles, extensor muscles, diaphragm, pelvic floor muscles

Abdominal muscles and pelvic floor muscles

Abdominal muscles, intercostal muscles, spinal vertebrae, spinal discs

Abdominal muscles, thoracolumbar fascia, ligamentum flavum, pelvic floor muscles

A

Abdominal muscles, extensor muscles, diaphragm, pelvic floor muscles

24
Q

The head weighs roughly 12 pounds. When a person looks down at their cell phone (with the neck flexed) it is as though the same head weighs 60 pounds. This because
Group of answer choices

With flexion, the moment arm of the head increases thereby increasing the head’s torque

When looking down, changes in vestibular input create the perception that the head is heavier

No answer text provided.

With flexion, the superior aspect of the head, which weighs more than the lower portion of the head, is further forward and therefore the head feels heavier

A

With flexion, the moment arm of the head increases thereby increasing the head’s torque

25
Q

In the cervical spine, the greatest amount of rotation is available at which of the following motion segments?
Group of answer choices

C1 to C2

C0 to C1

C4 to C5

C6 to C7

A

C1 to C2

26
Q

Which of the following structures would be best suited to resist the tensile forces produced during spinal extension?
Group of answer choices

Posterior vertebral body

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Facet capsule

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

27
Q

What posture does this describe: Simultaneous hyperextension of the upper cervical spine, flattening of lower cervical spine lordosis, increased thoracic kyphosis, elevation/protraction of shoulders.
Group of answer choices

Relaxed, neutral upright posture

Scoliosis

No answer text provided.

Forward head

A

Forward head

28
Q

Which of the following abdominal muscles would be active during trunk rotation to the left?

Group of answer choices

Left internal oblique, left external oblique

Right internal oblique, left external oblique

Left internal oblique, right external oblique

Right internal oblique, right external oblique

A

Left internal oblique, right external oblique

29
Q

Given the vertebral structure and orientation of the facet joints in the thoracic spine, which of the following motions would be most limited?
Group of answer choices

Lateral flexion

Rotation

Flexion

Extension

A

Extension

30
Q

If the ground reaction force is posterior to the trunk, hip, knee and ankle, what type of moment is at each joint?
Group of answer choices

Trunk-flexion; Hip-flexion; Knee-extension; Ankle-dorsiflexion

runk-flexion; Hip-flexion; Knee-flexion; Ankle-plantarflexion

Trunk-extension; Hip-extension; Knee-flexion; Ankle-plantarflexion

Trunk-extension; Hip-extension; Knee-extension; Ankle-dorsiflexion

A

Trunk-extension; Hip-extension; Knee-flexion; Ankle-plantarflexion

31
Q

Using an ankle strategy, if you were to be pushed backward, how would your muscles respond
Group of answer choices

Your tib anterior would contract first followed by your shoulder and wrist/hand muscles

Your gastric/soleus would contract first followed by your hamstrings, then your trunk and neck extensors

Your tib anterior would contract first followed by your quads, then your abdominals and neck flexors

Your gastric/soleus would contract first followed by your quads, then your elbow/wrist and hand muscles

A

Your tib anterior would contract first followed by your quads, then your abdominals and neck flexors

32
Q

When a person has genu valgum the line of gravity falls ____ to the axis of the joint thereby creating increased ____ force
Group of answer choices

Medial; Valgus

Lateral; Varus

Lateral; Valgus

Medial; Varus

A

Lateral; Valgus

kines review (7 decks)

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