Spine And Trunk Formative Questions

Question 1

What feature distinguishes a thoracic vertebra?

Answer 1

Unique features are the facets for the ribs on the body and the transverse process

Question 2

Which structures pass through the foramen transversarium of the upper six vertebra?

Answer 2

Vetebral artery and vein

Question 3

How many cervical vertebra are there in an adult?

Answer 3

Seven

Question 4

In the lumbar region, how many layers of the thoracolumbar fascia are there?

Answer 4

Three

Question 5

What are the components of the neural/vetebral arch

Answer 5

Pedicels, laminae, transverse processes and spinous process

Question 6

What and where are the uncovertebral joints

Answer 6

Joints between the lateral margins of adjacent cervical vetebral bodies

Question 7

Which muscles are responsible for flexing the trunk

Answer 7

Rectus abdominus, external and internal oblique, pesos major and minor

Question 8

What are the attachments of internal oblique

Answer 8

Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia to the inferior borders of lower four ribs and rectus sheath

Question 9

What are the attachments of multifidus?

Answer 9

Posterior sacrum, fascia covering erector spinal, lumbar mammillary processes, transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae, articular processes of C3 - C7 to spinous processes of all vertebrae from L5 to C1

Question 10

What is the action of the scalenus anterior

Answer 10

Individually laterally flexes the neck with some rotation to the opposite side, both flex the neck, with neck fixed they steady first rib during inspiration

Question 11

What are the component parts of the intervetebral disc

Answer 11

Outer annulus fibrous, owner nuclues pulposus, superior and inferior cartilage end- plates.

Question 12

What are the attachments of the posterior longitudinal disc

Answer 12

Intervertebral discs and adjacent margins of the vertebral bodies between C1 and S2

Question 13

What type of joint is the facet joint

Answer 13

Synovial

Question 14

What is a ligamentum nuchae

Answer 14

Triangular fibroelastic septum extending between C7 and external occipital protuberance

Question 15

What are the attach,ents of the ligamentum flavum

Answer 15

From the front of the lower border of the lamina above the back of the upper border of the lamina below between C1/2 and L4/5

Question 16

What movements are possible at the lumbar

Answer 16

Flexion, extension and lateral flexion

Question 17

What action is the multifidous

Answer 17

Minimal amounts of rotation, extension and lateral flexion, combining to produce localised segmental stability to the veterbral column at all levels.

Question 18

Which abdominal oblique muscle does not have attachment to the the thoracolumbar fascia

Answer 18

External obliques

Question 19

3 functions of the vertebral column

Answer 19

Carry and support the thoracic cage, give attachment to the muscle of the shoulder and the pelvic griddles, give attachment to muscles moving the spinal column, surround and protect the spinal cord, act as a shock absorber, concentrate and transmit force other parts of the body.

Question 20

Shame of the lumbar spinous processes

Answer 20

Quadrilateral

Question 21

Shape of the bodies of the thoracic vertebra

Answer 21

Heart shaped

Question 22

Type of joint is between the adjacent vertebral bodies

Answer 22

Secondary cartilaginous

Question 23

Region of the vertebral column permits the greatest range of flexion

Answer 23

Lumba

Question 24

Which region of the vertebral column permits the greatest range of lateral flexion

Answer 24

Cervical

Question 25

What type of joint is the first sternocostal joint

Answer 25

Primary cartilaginous

Question 26

How many ribs articulate the sterncostal joint

Answer 26

7

Question 27

What passes through the central tendon of diaphragm

Answer 27

Inferior vena cava and right phrenic nerve

Question 28

What are the named parts of the of the sternum

Answer 28

Manubrium, body of sternum and diploid process

Question 29

Which are the floating rib

Answer 29

Rib 11 & 12 a they terminate n the abdominal musculature

Question 30

What are the peripheral attachments of the diaphragm

Answer 30

Xiphoid process, lower six rbs and costal cartilages, medial nd lateral arcuate ligaments, right and left crura (bodies of L1 - L3 & L1 - l2 respectively.)