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kines 2nd shift > spine anatomy > Flashcards

spine anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

there are _____ vertebrae in the body

A

33 vertebrae

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2
Q

____ mobile vertebrae

A

24 vertebrae

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3
Q

mobile vertebrae are divided to

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar

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4
Q

there are ____ cervical vertebrae

A

7

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5
Q

there are ____ thoracic vertebrae

A

12

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6
Q

there are ____ lumbar vertebrae

A

5

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7
Q

____ fused vertebrae

A

9 fused vertebrae

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8
Q

fused vertebrae are divided to

A

sacral, coccyx

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9
Q

___ fused sacral vertebrae

A

5

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10
Q

___ fused coccyx vertebrae

A

4

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11
Q

there are _____ intervertebral discs

A

23 IVD

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12
Q

there’s no IVD between

A

C1-C2

sacrum

coccyx

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13
Q

primary curves of the vertebral column

A

thoracic, sacral

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14
Q

secondary curves of the vertebral column

A

cervical, lumbar

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15
Q

curves that you are born with, posterior convex

A

primary curves

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16
Q

curves that develop, posterior concave

A

secondary curves

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17
Q

becomes posterior concave when baby lift heads

A

cervical

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18
Q

becomes posterior concave when baby starts to walk

A

lumbar

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19
Q

functions of the spine

A

provide structural support for the body, forms the central axis, supporting the weight of the head, torso, and upper limbs

the vertebral column encloses and protects the spinal cord

offers a surprising degree of flexibility and movement

IV discs located between vertebrae are shock absorbers

the vertebral column provides attachment points for numerous muscles, which are responsible for movement, posture, stability

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20
Q

bundle of nerves responsible for carrying messages between brain and rest of the body

A

spinal cord

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21
Q

anterior portion of the vertebra is called the

A

vertebral body

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22
Q

the posterior portion is called

A

vertebral/neural arch

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23
Q

the neural arch is further divided to

A

pedicles and posterior elements

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24
Q

superior facet of cervical vertebrae

A

facing SUPERIOR and MEDIAL

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25
Q

inferior facet of cervical vertebrae

A

facing ANTERIOR and LATERAL

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26
Q

superior facet of thoracic vertebrae

A

facing POSTERIOR, SUPERIOR, and LATERAL

27
Q

inferior facet of thoracic vertebrae

A

facing ANTERIOR, INFERIOR, and MEDIAL

28
Q

superior facet of lumbar vertebrae

A

facing POSTERIOR and MEDIAL

29
Q

inferior facet of lumbar vertebrae

A

facing ANTERIOR and LATERAL

30
Q

type of joint between facets

A

facet joint, or apophyseal joint or ZYGOAPOPHYSEAL JOINT

31
Q

Atypical Cervical vertebrae

A

C1 (atlas)

C2 (axis)

C7

32
Q

Atypical thoracic vertebrae

A

T1

T9

T10-T12

33
Q

transitional between cervical and thoracic vertebrae, with costal facet for rib articulation and relatively small body

A

T1

34
Q

has no inferior demi facet

A

T9

35
Q

these lower thoracic vertebrae have larger bodies and costal facets that wrap around the ribs

A

T10-T12

36
Q

Atypical lumbar vertebrae

A

L5

37
Q

has larger, wedge-shaped body that contributes to the lumbar lordosis (inward curve) and provides stable base for spine

A

L5

38
Q

These are fibrocartilaginous cushions located between each vertebrae in the spinal column, except for atlas and axis

A

Intervertebral Discs (IVD)

39
Q

Two functions of IVDs

A
  1. separate two vertebral bodies, therefore INCREASING AVAILABLE MOTION
  2. transmit load from one body to the next
40
Q

size of IVD is related to

A

AMOUNT OF MOTION

MAGNITUDE OD LOAD that must be transmitted

41
Q

IVD makes up abt

A

20-30 percent of the length of vertebral column

42
Q

IVD increase size from

A

cervical to lumbar

43
Q

IVD thickness varies from

A

approx 3mm in cervical, 6 in thoracic, 9 in lumbar

43
Q

weight bearing load is lowest

A

cervical

44
Q

weight bearing load is highest

A

lumbar

45
Q

the GREATER THE RATIO of disc thickness and vertebral body height

A

the GREATER the available motion

46
Q

greatest ratio in

A

cervical —> lumbar —-> thoracic

47
Q

height of the IVD should be around

A

1/3 to 1/4 of the height of adjacent vertebrae

47
Q

a healthy IVD typically has a ratio of

A

0.33 to 0.45

48
Q

parts of IVD

A

nucleus pulposus

annulus fibrosus

cartilaginous endplates

49
Q

a central, gel like core that provides most of the shock absorbing properties

A

Nucleus pulposus

50
Q

a though, fibrous outer ring that surrounds the nucleus pulposus and limits its expansion

A

Annulus Fibrosus

51
Q

thin layers of hyaline cartilage at the top and bottom of disc that anchor it to the vertebrae and allow nutrient diffusion

A

Cartilaginous endplates

52
Q

joints between the vertebral bodies

A

Interbody joints

53
Q

bones are connected by

A

hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilaginous IVD

54
Q

type of joint: interbody joint

A

Symphysis, cartilaginous joint

55
Q

ligaments of vertebral column

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

posterior longitudinal ligament

ligamentum flavum

interspinous ligament

supraspinous ligament

intertransverse igament

56
Q

C2 to sacrum, well developed in cervical, lower thoracic and lumbar regions

limits extension

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

57
Q

axis to sacrum, BROAD in CERVICAL and THORACIC regions and NARROW in LUMBAR regions

limits forward flexion

A

posterior longitudinal ligament

58
Q

between lamina, axis to sacrum

thin, broad and long in cervical and thoracic regions

thickest in the lumbar region

limits forward flexion

A

ligamentum flavum

59
Q

connects spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae

limit forward flexion

A

interspinous ligament

60
Q

connects the tips of spinous process from the 7th cervical vertebrae to L3 or L4

limits forward flexion

A

supraspinous ligament

61
Q

supraspinous ligament in cervical region

A

ligamentum nuchae

62
Q

between the transverse processes and attach to the deep muscle of the back

limit lateral flexion

A

intertransverse ligament

kines 2nd shift (8 decks)

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