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kines 2nd shift > spine anatomy > Flashcards

spine anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

there are _____ vertebrae in the body

A

33 vertebrae

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2
Q

____ mobile vertebrae

A

24 vertebrae

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3
Q

mobile vertebrae are divided to

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar

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4
Q

there are ____ cervical vertebrae

A

7

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5
Q

there are ____ thoracic vertebrae

A

12

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6
Q

there are ____ lumbar vertebrae

A

5

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7
Q

____ fused vertebrae

A

9 fused vertebrae

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8
Q

fused vertebrae are divided to

A

sacral, coccyx

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9
Q

___ fused sacral vertebrae

A

5

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10
Q

___ fused coccyx vertebrae

A

4

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11
Q

there are _____ intervertebral discs

A

23 IVD

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12
Q

there’s no IVD between

A

C1-C2

sacrum

coccyx

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13
Q

primary curves of the vertebral column

A

thoracic, sacral

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14
Q

secondary curves of the vertebral column

A

cervical, lumbar

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15
Q

curves that you are born with, posterior convex

A

primary curves

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16
Q

curves that develop, posterior concave

A

secondary curves

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17
Q

becomes posterior concave when baby lift heads

A

cervical

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18
Q

becomes posterior concave when baby starts to walk

A

lumbar

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19
Q

functions of the spine

A

provide structural support for the body, forms the central axis, supporting the weight of the head, torso, and upper limbs

the vertebral column encloses and protects the spinal cord

offers a surprising degree of flexibility and movement

IV discs located between vertebrae are shock absorbers

the vertebral column provides attachment points for numerous muscles, which are responsible for movement, posture, stability

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20
Q

bundle of nerves responsible for carrying messages between brain and rest of the body

A

spinal cord

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21
Q

anterior portion of the vertebra is called the

A

vertebral body

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22
Q

the posterior portion is called

A

vertebral/neural arch

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23
Q

the neural arch is further divided to

A

pedicles and posterior elements

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24
Q

superior facet of cervical vertebrae

A

facing SUPERIOR and MEDIAL

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25
inferior facet of cervical vertebrae
facing ANTERIOR and LATERAL
26
superior facet of thoracic vertebrae
facing POSTERIOR, SUPERIOR, and LATERAL
27
inferior facet of thoracic vertebrae
facing ANTERIOR, INFERIOR, and MEDIAL
28
superior facet of lumbar vertebrae
facing POSTERIOR and MEDIAL
29
inferior facet of lumbar vertebrae
facing ANTERIOR and LATERAL
30
type of joint between facets
facet joint, or apophyseal joint or ZYGOAPOPHYSEAL JOINT
31
Atypical Cervical vertebrae
C1 (atlas) C2 (axis) C7
32
Atypical thoracic vertebrae
T1 T9 T10-T12
33
transitional between cervical and thoracic vertebrae, with costal facet for rib articulation and relatively small body
T1
34
has no inferior demi facet
T9
35
these lower thoracic vertebrae have larger bodies and costal facets that wrap around the ribs
T10-T12
36
Atypical lumbar vertebrae
L5
37
has larger, wedge-shaped body that contributes to the lumbar lordosis (inward curve) and provides stable base for spine
L5
38
These are fibrocartilaginous cushions located between each vertebrae in the spinal column, except for atlas and axis
Intervertebral Discs (IVD)
39
Two functions of IVDs
1. separate two vertebral bodies, therefore INCREASING AVAILABLE MOTION 2. transmit load from one body to the next
40
size of IVD is related to
AMOUNT OF MOTION MAGNITUDE OD LOAD that must be transmitted
41
IVD makes up abt
20-30 percent of the length of vertebral column
42
IVD increase size from
cervical to lumbar
43
IVD thickness varies from
approx 3mm in cervical, 6 in thoracic, 9 in lumbar
43
weight bearing load is lowest
cervical
44
weight bearing load is highest
lumbar
45
the GREATER THE RATIO of disc thickness and vertebral body height
the GREATER the available motion
46
greatest ratio in
cervical ---> lumbar ----> thoracic
47
height of the IVD should be around
1/3 to 1/4 of the height of adjacent vertebrae
47
a healthy IVD typically has a ratio of
0.33 to 0.45
48
parts of IVD
nucleus pulposus annulus fibrosus cartilaginous endplates
49
a central, gel like core that provides most of the shock absorbing properties
Nucleus pulposus
50
a though, fibrous outer ring that surrounds the nucleus pulposus and limits its expansion
Annulus Fibrosus
51
thin layers of hyaline cartilage at the top and bottom of disc that anchor it to the vertebrae and allow nutrient diffusion
Cartilaginous endplates
52
joints between the vertebral bodies
Interbody joints
53
bones are connected by
hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilaginous IVD
54
type of joint: interbody joint
Symphysis, cartilaginous joint
55
ligaments of vertebral column
anterior longitudinal ligament posterior longitudinal ligament ligamentum flavum interspinous ligament supraspinous ligament intertransverse igament
56
C2 to sacrum, well developed in cervical, lower thoracic and lumbar regions limits extension
anterior longitudinal ligament
57
axis to sacrum, BROAD in CERVICAL and THORACIC regions and NARROW in LUMBAR regions limits forward flexion
posterior longitudinal ligament
58
between lamina, axis to sacrum thin, broad and long in cervical and thoracic regions thickest in the lumbar region limits forward flexion
ligamentum flavum
59
connects spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae limit forward flexion
interspinous ligament
60
connects the tips of spinous process from the 7th cervical vertebrae to L3 or L4 limits forward flexion
supraspinous ligament
61
supraspinous ligament in cervical region
ligamentum nuchae
62
between the transverse processes and attach to the deep muscle of the back limit lateral flexion
intertransverse ligament

kines 2nd shift (8 decks)

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