Spine Flashcards
Number of cervical vertebra
7
number of thoracic vertebra
12
number of lumbar vertebra
5
tell about atlanto-occipital joint
condylloid joint
2 degrees of freedom
head flexion/extension and side bending
Atlanto-axial joint
pivot joint
50% happens at this joint
cardiac and respiratory centers located here
facet joints
synonvial gliding
each vertebra has four facets
each group has five articulations
what plane are cervical facets in in
horizontal plane, mostly rotation
what plane are thoracic vertebra in
frontal plane, for side bending
What plane are lumbar vertebra in
transverse plane
SI joint
plane/synovial gliding
lots of movement here when women are pregnant
rectus capitus innervation
C1-C2 nerve supply
longus capitus innervation
C1-C3 nerve supply
longus capitus motions
assists with neck flexion, prime action is to STABLIZE cervical vertebrae
longus colli motion and innervation
assists with neck flexion, prime action is to STABLIZE cervical vertebrae, C2-C6 nerve supply
anterior scalene motion and innervation
flexes the neck and also side bends to same side and rotates neck to the same side, C5-C6 nerve supply
sternocleidomastoid action and innervation
flexion, ispsi. Flexion and contra. Rotation, spinal accessory nerve X
rectus capitus posterior
extension with both muscles, subocciptal nerve
-major and minor
oblique capitus innervation and actions
superior and inferior: extension of upper cervical vertebra
Suboccipital N.
interpsinals action and innervation
neck extension
dorsal primary rami N.
intertransversals action and innervation
between the transverse processes, ipsi. Lateral flexion, contract on both sides, just stabilizes the spine
dorsal Primary Rami N.
semispinalis action and innervation
contralateral rotation (main action), assists with extension and ipsilateral flexion , dorsal primary rami
multifidus action and innervation
contralateral rotation (main action), assists with extension and ipsilateral flexion , dorsal primary rami
short rotator action and innervation
contralateral rotation (main action), assists with extension and ipsilateral flexion , dorsal primary rami
spinalis action or innervation
extension ONLY
longissimus action and innervation
extension, ispsilateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation
iliocostalis action and innervation
extends, ipsilateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation
splenius capitus action and innervation
extension, ipsilateral rotation (main action), ipsilateral flexion , dorsal primary ramus
splenius cervicis action and innervation
extension, ipsilateral rotation (main action), ipsilateral flexion, dorsal primary rami N.
rectus abdominis action and innervation
trunk flexion, lower 6 thoracic nerves (T7-T12)
transversus abdominus action and innervation
ipsilateral rotation, maintain pressure in abdomen (T7-T12)
quadratus lumborum action and innervation
hip hike motion or ipsilateral flexion, contracts on both sides = trunk stabilization (T12, L1-L4)
abdominals all together
they flex trunk and support viscera and maintain intra-abdominal pressure, which is important for breathing, lower 6 thoracic nerves (T7-T12)
PSIS is a what level of the spine
S2
iliac crest is at what level of the spine
L4
inferior angle is at what level of the spine
T8
with the neck in neutral position what level of the C-spine is most prominent
C7
with the neck flexed what level of the C-spine is most prominent
T1
Cervical flexion ROM (goni and inclin.)
0-(45-60)
Cervical extension ROM (goni and inclin.)
0-(60-80)
Cervical rotation ROM (GOni. and inclin.)
0-(50-70)
Cervical lateral flexion ROM (GOni. and inclin.)
0-(25-50)
Lumbar flexion ROM
0-(80-100)
Lumbar extension ROM
0-(30-45)
Thoracolumbar lateral flexion ROM
0-(30-45)
Lumbar flexion MMT grading
5: hands behind head
4: arms folded across chest, all scapula off surface
3+: arms at sides + all scapula off surface
3: arms at sides + inferior scapula remain in contact with surface
2: raises head and cervical spine, all scapula in contact with surface
1: palpable contraction
What muscles are involved with trunk flexion
rectus abdominis
muscles involved in lumbar extension
erector spinae (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis), transversospinalis, multifidus, rotatores, interspinales, intertransversali, quadratus lumborum
lumbar extension MMT grading
5: hands behind head
4: arms folded behind back, all sternum off surface
3: arms at sides + all sternum off surface
2: arms at sides, partial ROM
1: palpable contraction
muscles involved in lumbar rotation
external and internal obliques
Lumbar rotation MMT grading
5: hands behind head
4: arms folded across chest, all scapula off surface
3: arms at sides, all scapula off surface
muscles involved in pelvic elevation
quadratus lumborum, iliocostalis lumborum
Pelvic elevation MMT grading
5: max resistance
4: mod resistance
3: min resistance
2: elevates pelvis thru full ROM
1: palpable contraction
