spine Flashcards
what kind of joint is C1-C2?
diarthrodial
vertebrae breakdown?
33 = 7C + 12T + 5L + 5S + 4Coc
unique in CERVICAL vertebra?
FORAMINA in transverse process
BIFID spinous process (except C7)
normal diameter of cervical spine canal? problematic diameter?
17mm normal, <13mm problematic
unique in THORACIC spine?
COSTAL FACETS (in ALL 12 vertebrae) - makes thorax MOST RIGID in axial skeleton
unique in LUMBAR vertebrae?
mammillary processes
spinal ligaments?
anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)
posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL)
ligamentum flavum
supraspinous, interspinous, intertransverse ligaments
STRONGER between ALL vs PLL?
ALL
location of disc herniation relative to PLL?
herniation LATERAL to PLL
characteristics of LIGAMENTUM FLAVUM?
elastic, connects laminae, constantly in tension
MAJOR STABILIZER of atlantoaxial joint?
TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT
added height to spine by intervertebral discs?
25%
deep muscles of back?
erector spinae, transversospinalis (both stabilize, extend the back)
termination of the spinal cord?
conus medullaris
vertebrae with largest spinal canal?
cervical
widest diameters of spinal cord?
origin of plexuses
relative location of cephalad vs caudad tracts in spinal cord?
cephalad:medial, caudad:peripheral (CENTRAL CORD syndrome affects upper ex > lower ex)
spinal nerves breakdown?
31 = 8C + 12T + 5L + 5S + 1 Coc
exit of spinal nerve relative to vertebra?
CERVICAL: nerve ABOVE vertebra
LUMBAR : nerve BELOW vertebra
signs of disc herniation?
straight-leg raise, EHL weakness, paresthesia in lateral leg/dorsum of foot
interpretation of femoral nerve stretch test?
positive FNST ~ compression at EXITING nerve root (vs TRAVERSING in SLRT)
blood supply of spine?
SEGMENTAL arteries, VERTEBRAL artery, ADAMKIEWICZ
importance of artery of ADAMKIEWICZ?
supplies ANTERIOR 2/3 of spinal cord