spine

Question 0

what kind of joint is C1-C2?

Answer 0

diarthrodial

Question 1

vertebrae breakdown?

Answer 1

33 = 7C + 12T + 5L + 5S + 4Coc

Question 2

unique in CERVICAL vertebra?

Answer 2

FORAMINA in transverse process

BIFID spinous process (except C7)

Question 3

normal diameter of cervical spine canal? problematic diameter?

Answer 3

17mm normal, <13mm problematic

Question 4

unique in THORACIC spine?

Answer 4

COSTAL FACETS (in ALL 12 vertebrae) - makes thorax MOST RIGID in axial skeleton

Question 5

unique in LUMBAR vertebrae?

Answer 5

mammillary processes

Question 6

spinal ligaments?

Answer 6

anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)
posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL)
ligamentum flavum
supraspinous, interspinous, intertransverse ligaments

Question 7

STRONGER between ALL vs PLL?

Answer 7

ALL

Question 8

location of disc herniation relative to PLL?

Answer 8

herniation LATERAL to PLL

Question 9

characteristics of LIGAMENTUM FLAVUM?

Answer 9

elastic, connects laminae, constantly in tension

Question 10

MAJOR STABILIZER of atlantoaxial joint?

Answer 10

TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT

Question 11

added height to spine by intervertebral discs?

Answer 11

25%

Question 12

deep muscles of back?

Answer 12

erector spinae, transversospinalis (both stabilize, extend the back)

Question 13

termination of the spinal cord?

Answer 13

conus medullaris

Question 14

vertebrae with largest spinal canal?

Answer 14

cervical

Question 15

widest diameters of spinal cord?

Answer 15

origin of plexuses

Question 16

relative location of cephalad vs caudad tracts in spinal cord?

Answer 16

cephalad:medial, caudad:peripheral (CENTRAL CORD syndrome affects upper ex > lower ex)

Question 17

spinal nerves breakdown?

Answer 17

31 = 8C + 12T + 5L + 5S + 1 Coc

Question 18

exit of spinal nerve relative to vertebra?

Answer 18

CERVICAL: nerve ABOVE vertebra

LUMBAR : nerve BELOW vertebra

Question 19

signs of disc herniation?

Answer 19

straight-leg raise, EHL weakness, paresthesia in lateral leg/dorsum of foot

Question 20

interpretation of femoral nerve stretch test?

Answer 20

positive FNST ~ compression at EXITING nerve root (vs TRAVERSING in SLRT)

Question 21

blood supply of spine?

Answer 21

SEGMENTAL arteries, VERTEBRAL artery, ADAMKIEWICZ

Question 23

importance of artery of ADAMKIEWICZ?

Answer 23

supplies ANTERIOR 2/3 of spinal cord