overview/shoulder

Question 0

2 kinds of ossification?

Answer 0

intramembranous, enchondral

Question 1

breakdown of bones in human skeleton?

Answer 1

206 = 60 axial + 126 appendicular

Question 2

intramembranous ossification?

Answer 2

direct laying down of bone WITHOUT cartilage model/template (skull)

Question 3

enchondral ossification?

Answer 3

laying down of bone WITH cartilage model/template (most bones)

Question 4

where enchondral growth begins in long bones?

Answer 4

DIAPHYSES (at PRIMARY ossification centers)

Question 5

location of SECONDARY ossification centers?

Answer 5

PERIPHERY of bones (for growth and childhood fracture treatment)

Question 6

3 joint types?

Answer 6

SYN(no motion)-, AMPHI(cartilage disc)-, DI(synovium/capsule/ligament)-arthroses

Question 7

muscle classification (based on fiber arrangement)?

Answer 7

PARALLEL (rhomboids), FUSIFORM (biceps), OBLIQUE (delts?), TRIANGULAR (pecs minor), SPIRAL (lats)

Question 8

scapula spans which ribs?

Answer 8

2nd-7th ribs

Question 9

scapula muscle/ligament attachments?

Answer 9

17 muscles

4 ligaments

Question 10

RETROVERSION of glenoid?

Answer 10

5 degrees

Question 11

CORACOID attachments?

Answer 11

coracoacromial ligament, coracoclavicular ligaments (conoid, trapezoid), conjoined tendon (coracobrachialis, biceps short head), pecs minor

Question 12

first bone in the body to ossify (and last to fuse)?

Answer 12

CLAVICLE - ossify 5wks AOG, fuse at 25y/o

Question 13

most common musculoskeletal birth injury?

Answer 13

clavicular fracture

Question 14

STATIC restraints of glenohumeral joint?

Answer 14

articular anatomy
glenoid labrum
negative pressure
capsule
ligaments

Question 15

DYNAMIC restraints of glenohumeral joint?

Answer 15

rotator cuff muscles

biceps tendon

Question 16

ROM of sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 16

0-30 degrees

Question 17

stronger of coracoclavicular ligaments?

Answer 17

CONOID (posteromedial vs trapezoid)

Question 18

function of coracoacromial ligament?

Answer 18

superoanterior restraint (in rotator cuff deficiencies)

Question 19

stronger shoulder rotators?

Answer 19

INTERNAL rotators (pecs, lats, teres major, subscap)

Question 20

origin of brachial plexus?

Answer 20

C5-T1

Question 21

brachial plexus breakdown?

Answer 21

5 Roots (C5-T1)
3 Trunks (up, mid, low)
6 Divisions (trunk x2)
3 Chords (post, lat, med)

Question 22

brachial plexus injury possible symptoms?

Answer 22

scapular winging, horner’s syndrome

Question 23

scapular winging etiology?

Answer 23

MEDIAL winging (long thoracic-serratus)
LATERAL winging (spinal accessory-traps)

Question 24

upper ex artery progression?

Answer 24

aorta/brachioceph - subclavian - axillary (most vulnerable to trauma)

Question 25

shoulder surgery approaches and risks?

Answer 25

Anterior (Henry’s) - musculocutaneous nerve
Lateral - axillary nerve
Posterior - suprascapular nerve