Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Therapeutic Exercise > Spine > Flashcards

Spine Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae are in the Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral and Coccyx Spine?

A 
C = 7
T = 12
L = 5
S = 5 fused together
C = 4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many Cervical Nerve Roots are there?

A

8 nerve roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of the Annulus of the Intervertebral Disc?

A

STABILITY, movement between vertebral bodies, LIMITED shock absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of the Nucleus Pulposus of the Intervertebral Disc?

A

Transmits forces, equalizes stress and PROMOTES movement and SHOCK ABSORPTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Do the Intervertebral Discs have good blood supply?

A

No, they are largely avascular and a neural so are limited in healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define Posture

A

A position or attitude of the body, the relative arrangement of body parts for a specific activity or a characteristic manner of bearing ones body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the COG in relation to the Atlanto-Occipital Joint?

What provides Stability?

A
  • Anterior as posterior muscles contract

- Posterior cervical muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the COG in relation to the Trunk?

What provides Stability?

A
  • Goes through the bodies of the bodies of the cervical and lumbar vertebras.
  • Erector spinae muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is the COG in relation to the Hip?

What provides Stability?

A
  • Usually goes through the Hip but varies with body movement
  • If Posterior = Iliopsoas tension
  • If Relaxed = Iliofemoral ligament (Y)
  • If Anterior = Hip extensors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is the COG in relation to the Knee?

What provides Stability?

A
  • Anterior to joint keeping the knee in extension

- ACL, posterior capsule, tension on hamstrings, soleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the COG in relation to the Ankle?

What provides Stability?

A
  • Anterior to the joint which causes the tibia to rotate forward on ankle
  • Plantarflexors (primarily soleus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the Anterior Pillars of the Spine?

A

They are the vertebral bodies and discs that provide weight bearing and shock absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the Posterior Pillars of the Spine?

A

They are the articular processes and facet joints, vertebral arches, transverse process and central spinous processes that provide gliding for movement and stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of muscles are Global and Core?

Which are Superficial and Deep?

A

Global = Fast Twitch Type 2, Superficial

Core = Slow Twitch Type 1, Deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe Global Muscles

A
  • Respond to external loads

- Provide overall stability but cannot control mulitsegmental instabilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe Core Muscles

A
  • Segmental attachments
  • Dynamic support
  • Help maintain each segment in stable position to reduce stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Anterior Curves are also known as?

Posterior Curves are also known as?

A 
Anterior = Lordosis (Cervical & Lumbar)
Posterior = Kyphosis (Thoracic & Sacral)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe Lordotic Posture

A

Increased lumbosarcral angle to about 40*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe Relaxed “Sway Back” Posture

A

Pelvis shifts anteriorly as Thoracic shifts posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe Flat Low Back Posture

A

Decreased lumbosacral angle and lumbar lordosis with hip ext and posterior pelvic tilt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Your patient demonstrates a flat low back posture. Which muscle would NOT need to be stretched?

A

Hip Flexors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which side do you name Scoliosis for?

A

The side of CONVEXITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

If you patient has right thoracic scoliosis what is the appropriate stretch for them?

A

Heel sit, patient laterally bends to the right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe Forward Head Posture

A
  • Increased flex of lower cervical and upper thoracic regions
  • Increased ext of occiput on atlas and upper cervical vertebrae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Describe Flat Neck?

A
  • Decreased cervical lordosis

- Increased flex of occiput on atlas

26
Q

What muscles are involved in Muscle Sprains of the Cervical Spine?

A

Sterno, trapezius, scalenes, erector spinae, rhomboids, and levator scapulae

27
Q

For muscle sprains what is the key factor to avoid during rehab?

A

Avoid the mechanism of injury

28
Q

Muscles involved in MVA with HyperEXT

A

Tearing of the Sterno, logissimus coli, anterior longitudinal ligament

29
Q

Muscles involve in MVA with HyperFLEX

A

Tearing of posterior cervical muscles, ligamentum nuchae, posterior longitudinal ligament

30
Q

What is Cervical Radiculopathy?
What Causes it?
Goals of treatment?

A
  • Mechanical compression or inflammation of a nerve root that causes neurological symptoms into upper extremities
  • Caused by disc herniation, spondylosis, osteophytes (bone spurs)
  • Relieve symptoms, reduce pain/swelling, control muscle spasms, centralize symptoms
31
Q

How to treat Disc Herniation

A

Gradually strengthen directions that relieve pain and avoid those that make pain worse

32
Q

What is Cervical Spondylosis?
Age group?
Treatment?

A
  • Chronic disc disease from wear and tear that leads to degeneration of bones
  • Mostly in men ages 40-50 in C5-C6 or C6-C7
  • Treatment: Thermal or Electrical modalities
  • Traction
  • Flex exercise (bc usually pain with ext) and axial rotation
  • Functional AROM exercises
  • Cervical isometrics
  • Education on posture exercises, flexibility and stability
33
Q

What needs to be strengthened in patients that suffer from Headaches?

A

Scapula and deep neck flexors

34
Q

What causes Thoracic Outlet Syndrome of the cervical spine?

Treatment?

A

Compression of vascular and or neurological tissues as they exit the superior triangle opening of thorax

  • Causes: cervical rib, shortened anterior scalene, malunion of clavicle and first rib or tight pectoral muscles
  • Treatment: posture education, stretching ant scalene and pecs, strengthening scap retraction, thoracic ext, rowing, educate on protection or possible surgery
35
Q

How do you exercise the Deep Neck Flexors?

A

Chin Tucks = craniocervical flexion

Supine (Easy)
Sitting or Standing
Prone
Add in another movement like walking or squats (Hard)

36
Q

What cues would you give a pt to activate the cervical core muscles?

A

Head flexion and slight flattening of the cervical lordosis

37
Q

Which side of the Scoliosis curve do pt have ligament strains and which side mobility impairments?

A

Ligament strains = ConVEXity

Impairments = ConCAVE

38
Q

What is the treatment for Scoliosis?

A 
Strengthening muscles on convex side
Stretch muscles on concave side
Trunk elongation exercises
Bracing
Correct Leg Length Discrepancy
Surgery for curves over 5-60*
39
Q

Which level is the most rare disc injury to occur?

A

Thoracic because of the articulation with the rib cage adds more support

40
Q

What are treatments for Disc Injuries?

A

Analgesics, modalities, epidural injections, surgery if severe, bracing, progress AROM, strengthening, endurance activities, return to function with limitations specific to fusion

41
Q

What are treatments for Thoracic Kyphosis?

A

Posture awareness, strengthen scapular retractors, stretch anterior shoulders, breathing exercises

42
Q

How much money do back related problems cost the US in one year?

A

$7.2 - $40 billion

43
Q

What ares have better outcomes for pts that seek treatment with in the first 6 weeks of lower back pain?

A
  • disability
  • general health
  • mental health
  • social function
  • vitality
  • anxiety
  • depression
44
Q

What gets SPRAINED the most common in the lumbar spine?

A

Posterior Ligaments and Joint capsule and Supraspinouse

45
Q

What are the 4 phases of recovery in Lumbar Spine Sprains?

A
  • Max: Healing and pain control
  • Mod: Initiation of movement
  • Min: Return to normal activities
  • Prevention on re-injury
46
Q

Intradiscal Pressure (Body weight)

A 
Supine 25%
Supine with knees flexed 35%
Side lying 75%
Seated in a flexed position 85%
Standing 100%
Standing with forward flexion 150%
Bending forward in flexed posture and lifting 275%
47
Q

Define Herniation

A

Any change in shape of annulus , bulges beyond normal perimeter

48
Q

What are the pain types of Lumbar Disc Injuries

A
  • Viscerogenic: kidneys - not aggravated by activity or relieved by rest
  • Neurogenic: neurofibromas, cysts, tumors of nerve roots
  • Vascular: peripheral vascular disease
  • Spondylogenic: direct pain in soft tissues of spine - aggravated by activity and relieved by rest
49
Q

Herniation

Define: Protrusion, Extrusion and Sequestration

A

Protrusion: nuclear material contained by outer layers of annulus

Extrusion: extension of nuclear material beyond confines of posterior longitudinal ligament but still in contact with disc

Seq: extruded nucleus separated from disk, moved away from prolapsed area

50
Q

What is Spinal Stenosis? Symptoms?

A

Narrowing of spinal canal, constricts and compresses nerve roots

-Symptoms: radicular ache into thigh and calf
parasthesia into lower extremity, disturbances in motor function

51
Q

What relieves pain of Spinal Stenosis?

A

Flexion

Ext worsens pain

52
Q

What is Lumbar Spondylolysis?

A

Bony defect in pars interarticularus of posterior elements of spine

53
Q

What is Lumbar Spondylolisthesis?

A

Forward slippage of one superior vert over the inferior art as a result of instability caused by the bilateral defect in pars interarticularis

54
Q

Spondylolisthesis (Grades I - IV)

A

I: 0-25%
II: 26-50%
III: 51-75%
IV: 76-100%

55
Q

Define Ankylosing Spondylitis

A

Arthritic condition of the spine in which ossification of anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament and facet going eventually occurs

“Bamboo Spine”

Joint eventually fuse together

56
Q

Treatments for Bamboo Spine

A 
Posture edu (avoid flex)
Ext Bias
segment and global stabilization
57
Q

What is treatment for the Lumbar Spine?

A 
Patient edu
Pain management
Restore mobility/flexibility
Restore Stability
Restore Function
58
Q

Phase time frames for lumbar spine?

A

Max 4 weeks
Mod 4-12 weeks
Min 12 + weeks

59
Q

Which injuries are Ext Bias of the spine?

A

Posterior/Posteriorlateral disc lesion

60
Q

Which injuries are Flex Bias of the spine?

A

Spinal Stenosis
Spondylosis
Spondyloloisthesis

61
Q

Which injuries are NWB of the spine?

A

Lying Down
Traction
Aquatic therapy best

Therapeutic Exercise (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions