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MSK > Spine > Flashcards

Spine Flashcards

1
Q

True Ribs

A
  • First 7
  • Each rib has their own costal cartilage
  • Movement causes the to move up and down (expands front and back with breathing)
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2
Q

False Ribs

A
  • Ribs 8-10
  • Share 1 common costal cartilage
  • Face slightly to the side
  • Movement causes them to open sideways (butterfly movement with breathing)
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3
Q

Floating Ribs

A
  • Ribs 11 and 12
  • No costal cartilage (not connected to the sternum)
  • Facing slightly more to the side
  • Movement causes them to open sideways (butterfly movement with breathing)
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4
Q

Curavature of the Spine

A

Lordosis: in the cervical and lumbar regions - spine curves to the front (concave in back)
Kyphosis: in the thoracic region - spine curves to the back (concave in the front)

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5
Q

Parts of the vertebrae:

A

Body: main part of the spine, anterior side, holds a lot of weight, intervertebral disks in between
Superior Articular Process: on the left and right sides, have matching left and right surfaces
Inferior Articular Process: on the left and right sides, have matching left and right surfaces
Spinous Process: act as levers that can turn/tilt the vertebrae
Vertebral Foramen: where the spinal cord runs, borders = posterior wall of the body, left and right lamina
Transverse Process: on the left and right sides of the spine

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6
Q

Zygoapophyseal Joint

A
  • where the superior articular process of a vertebra connects to the inferior articular process of the vertebra above it, connecting them
  • on the left and right sides
  • limits sliding of vertebrae
  • limits the amount of rotation between vertebrae
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7
Q

Axis

A
  • C2
  • Dens: sticks up, connects to the altas, allows for head roation and the axis turns around it
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8
Q

Atlas

A
  • C1
  • Ring structure
  • Articular Surfaces: connects occipital condyles on the skull to the spine
  • Spins around the dens to cause head rotation
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9
Q

Actions of the Spine

A

Flexion: posterior side opens and anterior side closes (touching your toes), thoracic can do this earier than lumbar and cervical because of natrual kyphosis
Extension: anterior side opens and posterior side closes (seal stretch), cervical and lumbar can do this easier than thoracic because of natrual lordosis
Lateral Flexion: right lateral flexion = the right side of the body closes and the left side opens, left lateral flexion = the left side of the body closes and the right side opens
Rotation: right rotation = the front of the vertebrae are facing the right, left rotation = the front of the vertebrae are facing the left
- cervical spine can rotate the most, lumbar spine can rotate the least

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10
Q

Actions of the Cervical Spine

A

Flexion: anterior side opens and posterior side closes (look down)
Extension: posterior side opens and anterior side closes (look up)
Left Rotation: turning the head to the left
Right Rotation: turning the head to the right

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11
Q

Intervertebral Disk

A
  • thickest (~cm) in the lumbar spine, thinnest in the cerival spine
  • cushion the vertebrae/absorb force
  • allows for some flexibility - superior vertebrae can squish to the back or front relative to the force
  • resists roation between adjacent vertebrae
  • Anteior part: limits extension
  • Posterior part: limits flexion
  • Left side: limits right side flexion and right rotation
  • Right side: limits left side flexion and left rotation
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11
Q

Supraspinous Ligament

A
  • on the posterior side of the spine
  • continuation of the nuchal ligament
  • connects to the spinous process of each vertebra down the spine
  • continuous with the interspinous ligament
  • Limits: flexion of the spine
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12
Q

Interspinous Ligament

A
  • On the posterior side of the spine
  • In the spaces between the spinous processes
  • Continuous with the supraspinous ligament
  • Limits: flexion of the spine
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13
Q

Anterior Longituinal Ligament (ALL)

A
  • On the anterior side of the spine
  • Connects to the anterior side of the bodies of the vertebrae all the way down the spine
  • Supports the intervertebral disks
  • Limits: extension of the spine
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14
Q

Posterior Longituinal Ligament (PLL)

A
  • On the posterior side of the inside of the vertebral canal
  • Connects the posterior side of the bodies of the vertebrae all the way down the spine
  • Limits: flexion of the spine
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15
Q

Ligamentum Flavum

A
  • Inside the spinal canal
  • Attaches to the lamina of the vertebrae down the spine
  • More elastic
  • Limits flexion of the spine
16
Q

Posterior Spinal Muscles

A

Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis, Splenius Cervicus, Splenius Capitis and Left and Right Siboccipitals
- all perform extension of the spine (which part depends on where they are - some extend cervical spine when others do not)

17
Q

Anterior Spinal Muscles

A

Longus Capitis, longus coli, Scalenes (anterior, middle and posterior)

18
Q

Spinalis

A
  • part of the erector spinae (most medial)
  • Attachments: posterior aspects of the sacrum and iliac crest, spinous and transverse processes and posterior aspects of the ribs
  • Actions: extension of the spine, ipsilaternal side flexion and maintaining posture (gravity wants flexion, so you do extension)
19
Q

Longissimus

A
  • part of the erector spinae (middle and longest)
  • Attachments: posterior aspects of the sacrum and iliac crest, transverse and spinous prcesses, posterior aspects of the ribs
  • Actions: extension of the spine, ipsilateral spine flexion and maintaining posture (gravity wants flexion, so you do extension)
20
Q

Iliocostalis

A
  • part of the erector spinae (most lateral)
  • Attachments: posterior aspect of the sacrum and iliac crest, spinous and transverse processes and posterior aspect of the ribs
  • Actions: extension of the spine, ipsilateral side flexion and maintaining posture (gravity wants flexion, so you do extension)
21
Q

Erector Spinae

A
  • 3 muscles: spinalis, longissimus and iliocostalis
  • Attachments: posterior aspect of the sacrum and iliac crest, spinous and transverse processes and posterior aspect of the ribs
  • Actions: extension of the spine, ipsilateral side flexion and maintaining posture (gravity wants flexion, so you do extension)
22
Q

Splenius Muscles

A
  • 2 muscles (in cervical region): spenius cervicus and splenius capitis
  • Deep to trapezius, on either side of the spine
  • Origins: cervicus = cervical vertebrae, capitis = skull
  • Attachments: spinous processes of cervical and upper thoracic spine, transverse processes of the cervical spine, mastoid process and occiput of the skull
  • Actions: extension of the cervical spine, ipsilateral rotation and ipsilateral side flexion of the cervical spine
23
Q

Suboccipitals

A
  • Left and right (on either side of the spine)
  • Origin: inferior nuchal line
  • Insertion: altas and axis
  • Action: extension of the upper cervical spine
24
Q

Longus Capitis/ Longus Coli

A
  • pair of muscles deep to the esophagus and trachea
  • Origin: base of the occiput
  • Insertion: anterior side of the bodies of the upper thoracic vertebrae
  • Actions: flexion of the upper cervical spine
25
Q

Scalenes

A
  • Set of 3 muscles (anterior, middle and posterior)
  • Origin: upper 2 ribs
  • Insertion: transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae (not C1)
  • Actions: ipsilateral side flexion of the cervical spine and elevation of the upper 2 ribs
26
Q

What 3 muscles connect the cervical spine to the shoudler girdle?

A

Upper trapezius, Levator Scapula, Sternocleidomastoid

27
Q

Upper Trapezius

A

Origin: lateral 1/3 of the clavicle
Insertion: nuchal ligament and posterior aspect of the skull
Actions: extension of the cervical spine, ipsilateral side flexion and contralateral rotation

28
Q

Levator Scapulae

A
  • Deep to Trapezius
    Origin: transverse process of C1-C4
    Insertion: superior angle of the scapula
    Actions: extension of the lower cervical spine, ipsilateral side flexion and ipsilateral rotation of the cervical spine
29
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A
  • 2 heads - sternal head and clavicular head
    Origin: sternum (sternal head) and clavicle (clavicular head)
    Insertion: mastoid process of the temporal bone
    Actions: extension of the cervical spine, ipsilateral side flexion of the cervical spine and contralateral rotation of the cervical spine

MSK (4 decks)

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