Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

orthopedic > spine > Flashcards

spine Flashcards

1
Q

common causes of LBP

A

Muscular spasm, strain
Ligament sprain
Spondylosis
Herniated nucleus pulposus
Facet joint dysfunction
Spondylo-lysis or -listhesis
Seronegative spondyloarthropathies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

slipping or shifting of vertebrae out of their space is?

A

spondylolisthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the diagnosis for LBP is divided into?

A

Specific spinal pathology
Non specific spinal pathology
Radicular pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

acute, subacute, and chronic
how can we differentiate them according to time?

A

acute up to 6 weeks
6-12 subacute
>12 chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Corticosteroids for severe pain

true or false?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

increased level of c-reactive protein is indication of?

A

inflammation
ex, acute low back pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

in acute LBP the pain is?

A

severe sudden onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Acute low back pain usually does have a specific cause
true or falsE?

A

false, does not have specific cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the red flags for rehabilitation?

A

Cauda equina, spinal fracture-infection, cancer, abdominal aortic aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Degenerative joint disease affecting the vertebrae and intervertebral disc, arthiritis
is?

A

Spondylosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fracture in pars interarticularis
is?

A

Spondylolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Displacement of one vertebra on another
is?

A

Spondylolisthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the stages of developing Ankylosing spondylitis?

A

1- formation of osteophytes of margins of vertebrae
2-then both osteophytes ossified into a joint as syndesmophytes
3- non-marginal syndesmophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

non radicular pain is caused by ?

A

referred pain facet joint or disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

radicular pain is related to?

A

nerve compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

radicular pain will effect the motor and sensory nerves of the same segment\true or false?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which part of the disc is soft and movable and the other one is stable?

A

nucleus pulposus
annulus fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the physiology of disc herniating?

A

1-Tears in the annulus fibrosis
2- Herniation of nucleus pulposus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the stages of herniated disc?

A

bulging
protrusion
extrusion
sequestration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

there is only extension of the disc margin beyond the margins of the adjacent vertebral endplates without tearing of annuluses fibrosis
which one is this?

A

bulging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the nuclear materials emerge through the annular fibers, but the posterior longitudinal ligament remains intact
which one is this pathology?

A

extrusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the nucleus pulposus impinges on the annulus fibrosis and the posterior longitudinal ligament remains intact
nucleus pulposus getting thicker
which one is this pathology?

A

protrusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the nuclear material emerges through the annulus fibrosis and the posterior longitudinal ligament is disrupted and a portion of nucleus fibrosis has protruded into the epidural space
which pathology is this?

A

sequestration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

radiculopathy happens in extrusion and sequestration in disc herniation
true or false?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

descending root can be impinged by ?

A

protrude posterolateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

for flexion based which compartment will affect?

A

Muscular
Ligamentous
Compression Fracture
Discogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Stenosis
Facet
Spondylosis
Central Disc
will be affected by?

A

extension base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Transitional
force will affect?

A

Spondylolisthesis
Sacroiliac
Facet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

anterior compression of the disc will be cause by?

A

flexion force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

extension force will lead to?

A

posterior compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

hyperflexion force will lead to posterior compression having posterior longitudinal ligament torn
true or false?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

anterior compression will affect posterior annulus
and with the posterior compression will centralized annulus
true or false?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what does it mean centralization?

A

the pain was peripheral but with the movement it centralizes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what are the pain characteristic of LBP?

A

sharp and burning relating to nerve and dull ach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

pain with prone we will have?

A

Facet, Lat Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HNP), systemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

pain with sitting we will have?

A

Paramedian HNP, annular tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Lateral HNP, central stenosis, facet syndrome
is related with ?

A

standing pain

38
Q

central stenosis is for pain with walking
true or false?

A

true

39
Q

how radiation occurs?

A

Up back
To sacrum
To buttocks
Down leg

40
Q

what are the symptoms ?

A

radiation
Cough/valsalva exacerbation
Distal neuro symptoms - weakness/paresthesia
Perianal paresthesia
Bowel/bladder symptoms

41
Q

length of stride
arm swing
trunk motion
?pelvic tilt
related to?

A

walking

42
Q

we have to assest what in LBP?

A

walking
standing
supine
sitting

43
Q

flexion of back is 90
exention of back is 15-20
side bending = 30
and trunk rotation
are ROM for trunk
true or false?

A

true

44
Q

what should we assist for lower back pain in palpation?

A

Spinous processes
Dorsal lumbar fascia/soft tissues

45
Q

what is Stork Test for sacroiliac j ?

A

Single leg extension

46
Q

Toe raises
for?

A

Gastrocnemius strength

47
Q

how can we asset LBP while the patient is standing?

A

by palpation
ROM
posture
stroke test
toe raises
single leg raise

48
Q

Distracted SLR
DTR - patellar & Achilles
Strength - EHL, TA, Peroneals, quads, hip flexors
Sensation
for?

A

sitting examination

49
Q

how to Stretch the Spinal Cord or Sciatic Nerve in supine position?

A

Straight Leg Raise
Cross Leg SLR
Kering Test

50
Q

what tests are applied in supine position?

A

straight Leg Raise
Cross Leg SLR
Kering Test
Hamstring flexibility
Leg lengths

51
Q

how to measure leg length?

A

measured ASIS to Med Mal

52
Q

l4 radicular pathy will cause?

A

Quads/Tibialis Anterior
Patellar reflex decreased
Sensory Great toe and medial leg loss

53
Q

l5 radicular pathy will cause?

A

Strength of Ankle and great toe dorsiflexion
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Sensory to dorsum of foot loss

54
Q

Ankle reflexes and sensation of posterior calf and lateral foot
Peroneals/Gastroc
Achilles reflex
Sensory to lateral and plantar foot
are lost by which innervation?

A

s1

55
Q

muscle relaxions are mostly used in acute management
true or false?

A

true

56
Q

what are the acute management?

A

NSAIDS
muscle relaxers
heating agent
back exercises ‘Stretching - HS, hip extensors, erector spinae
Strengthening - abs, erector spinae’

57
Q

prolonged sitting/standing
recurrent bending
twisting
are avoid especially in?

A

subacute stage

58
Q

what are the goals for chronic LBP?

A

Control pain
Maintain function
Prevent disability

59
Q

what exercises we can do for chronic LBP?

A

standing hamstring stretch 15-30 sec
quadruped arm/leg swing rep 10 times
gluteal stretch
15-30 sec
cat and camel
3 stets of 10
pelvic tilit
3 sets of 10
partial curl
3 sets of 10
extension exercise
4 sets 2 min rest
side plank

60
Q

muscle strain in 7 to 10 days, ligament sprain in 3 to 4 weeks
disk herniation in 8 to 10 weeks
true or false?

A

true

61
Q

which exercises centralizes pain with trunk extension?

A

MCKenzie

62
Q

centralizing the pain allows the source of the pain to be treated rather than the symptoms is done in which approach?

A

McKenzie approach

63
Q

1.Double knee to chest in supine lying
2. Step standing trunk flexion with involved side on ground and uninvolved leg on bench, in this case right leg on ground
3.Quadruped stretch
4.Lumbar extension
are for?

A

Mc Kenzie Stretching

64
Q

In a derangement presentation, the direction of preference for treatment is lumbar flexion
true or false?

A

false, extension

65
Q

lumbar extension in lying would have decreased and centralized the pain

trunk flexion, which would have increased and peripheralized the pain
true or false?

A

true

66
Q

what are lumbar extension exercises for derangement?

A

Prone press-ups without or with overpressure
Standing lumbar extension
Standing lumbar extension using wall to sag into

67
Q

In any kind of derangement it is important to perform the exercise short enough for the fluid to alter its position anteriorly
true or false?

A

false, long 5-10 min

68
Q

In derangement, extension in standing is designed to reduce accumulation of nuclear material in the posterior compartment of the intervertebral joint
true or false?

A

true

69
Q

extension in standing mostly effective for?

A

after prolonged sitting

70
Q

list the Meckenzie exercises

A

lying prone
extension in lying
extension in standing
rotational mobilization exercises

71
Q

SIJ pain causes?

A

TRAUMATIC (Fall, heavy weights)

ATRAUMATIC (bulging[L4-5/L5-S1], scoliosis, postpartum, inflammatory arthropathy [AS])

72
Q

Low back pain (BELOW L5)
Pelvis/buttock pain
Hip/groin pain
Poor sleep habits
Unilateral leg instability
Sitting problems
Lower extremity pain
are for?

A

SIJ pain characteristics

73
Q

Sit to stand
Prolonged walking
Unilateral weight bearing (stairs, putting on pants-socks)
Prolonged standing
are ?

A

aggravating factors for SIJ pain

74
Q

what are the relieving factors for SIJ pain?

A

Weight bearing unaffected side
Lying on unaffected Side
Compression manually or with a belt to relieve hypermobility

75
Q

Fortine’s finger test is?

A

patient pointing to inferior-medially to posterior superior iliac spine

76
Q

in SJ pain, patients point to ASIS
true or false?

A

false, PSIS

77
Q

what are Provocative Tests for SIJ?

A

distraction
thigh thrust
FABER
GAEnslean
compression
3 of 5 must be positive
1 of 3 positive results must be thigh thrust or compression

78
Q

first aim for SIJ pain is to decrease its mobility
true or false?

A

true

79
Q

list three exercises for SIJ pain relief

A

push pull
isometric push and pull
modified dead bug

80
Q

what are the EARLY INTERVENTION IN ACUTE CASES ?

A

ROM exercises in a pain-free range
isometric activity of the injured muscles or the muscles around an injured joint,
directional preference exercises

81
Q

what are the AROM for cervical pain ?

A

rotation, chin retraction, and head nodding
6-10 repetitions

82
Q

patients who have more than about 30 degrees of available pain free motion, isotonic exercises can be introduced within the pain free range
true or false?

A

true

83
Q

Isometric contractions holding for 6-10 sec and should be performed through ranges of motion at about 30 degree
true or false?

A

false, 20 degrees

84
Q

what is the strategy for cervical region pain?

A
  1. Evaluate and train deep segmental stabilizers
  2. Address postural factors and respiration
  3. Address muscle imbalance of large torque producers
    Stretch short tight cervical muscles
    Evaluate/re-train scapula stabilizers
    Strengthen large torque producers of the neck
  4. Re-train the sensory-motor response loop
85
Q

weak flexor neck muscles compensated by increased activity in the superficial SCM and anterior scalene
true or false?

A

true

86
Q

Quadruped/prone series (Jull) for?

A

Treatment options for deep extensors

87
Q

Combined treatment option for?

A

Quadruped track (Murphy

87
Q

chin tucks
Craniocervical flexion
Isometric holds with chin tuck
ball squeeze
forehead ball roll with good AROM
for?

A

Treatment options for inhibited deep stabilizers

88
Q

Upper cervical spine 🡪 maximally extending
Lower cervical spine 🡪 maximally flexing
for chin tuck true or false?

A

false, opposite

89
Q

acute phase, patient practice holding a supine chin retraction while holding the head off the edge of a mattress
true or false?

A

false, post-acute
the acute phase the head should be supported

90
Q

how much isometric holds with chin tuck is done?

A

6 second holds, 6 repetitions

orthopedic (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions