rehabilitation in fractures Flashcards
how long does each stage of
inflam
proliferation
maturation
take time in bone fracture?
inflam= till day 4
proliferation= day 4 till week
maturation= up to 18 months
removal of sutures for
Face
Scalp
Trunk
Arms, hand
Lower extremity
Face 3-7 days
Scalp 7-10 days
Trunk 10 days
Arms, hand 10-14 days
Lower extremity 10-14 days
reparative phase consists of?
soft callus phase
hard callus phase
soft callus is from 4 to 6 weeks post injury
hard callus is from 1 to 6 weeks post injury
true or false?
false, the opposite
osteoclasts remove dead bone is done in soft callus and continuing to the hard callus phase
osteoblasts activity is abundant in hard callus phase.
true or false?
true
we give weight bearing before hard callus.
true or false?
false, after hard callus
skin is intact with bone fracture its closed/simple fracture
skin is breached with bone fracture its open /compound fracture
true or false?
true
Before 75 years hip fractures most common
After 75 years wrist fractures (Colles’) most common
true or false?
false, it’s the opposite.
-strength of bone tissue
-relationship of the fracture line with the external environment
-mechanism of fracture forming
-number of fractures
-anatomical localization of fracture
-broken line
Are related to?
classification of fractures
traumatic like pathological/ stressed fatigue induced.
are related to?
strength classification
open and closed fractures are related to?
fracture line with external environmental classification
what are the degrees of open fracture?
- Degree-no significant tissue damage, skin punctured, inf. rate 0-2%
- Degree-widespread skin injury, tissue damage, inf. rate 2-7%
- Degree- Large Dislplacements, large soft tissue and skin defect, inf. rate 10-25%
- Degree-total or partial amputation
transverse or crush type is?
and
falling on taut hands, weight bearing leg in football-spiral, oblique type is?
direct trauma fracture
indirect trauma fracture
mechanism of a fracture can be?
direct/indirect
pathological
stressed
avulsion
fissure
greenstick
torus
compression
collapse
colsed
are displaced fractures true or false?
false, non displaced
what are the displaced fracture ?
transverse
oblique
spiral
avulsion
fragmented
compound
longitudinal
comminuted
greenstick is the most common fracture in children
true or false?
true
twisting movements causes?
spiral fractures
cancellous bone with osteoporosis results in?
crush fractures
Open fracture, ischemic necrosis is seen with?
Crush and compartment syndromes is seen with?
Vasospasm and artery rupture is seen with?
Neurapraxias, axonotmesis, neurotmesis is seen with?
Joint instability and dislocation is seen with?
1- skin injuries
2- muscle injuries
3-veins
4-nerve
5-ligament
what are the principles of management?
reduction =open/closed/traction
immobilization
rehabilitation
1.Failure of close reduction
2.Displaced intra articular fracture
3.Avulsion fracture
4.Nonunion
are related to?
absolute indications of open reduction fracture
what are the indications of relative open fracture
1.Delayed union/Malunion
2.Multiple fracture
3.Fracture with wide gap
4.Fracture with vascular injury
collar and cuff
splint
cast and pop
are for?
stabilization, simple external
risk of infection is found with?
external fixation
with older people traction stabilization is preferable
true or false?
true
what are the immediate complications after a fracture?
hemorrhage
damage to the surrounding tissues
compartment syndrome
deep vein thrombosis
infection and pulmonary embolism are ?
early complications
how to get rid of deep vein thrombosis after anesthesia?
antiedema socks
elevation
ice compression
what are the late complications?
Delayed union / Mal union/nonunion
Fear of WB
Avascular necrosis
Shortening
CRPS (complex regional pain syndrome)
Secondary osteoarthritis
Upper Ext. Lowe Ext. 1- 6-8 weeks. 12-16 weeks. 2- 3-4 weeks. 6-8 weeks.
which one for child and the other for adult in fracture healing duration?
1- adult
2- child (faster healing)
where is the growth plate location?
between epiphysis and metaphysis
Callus Formation 10-12nd days
Remodeling after 1 month
true or false?
true
what are the important points for bone healing?
blood supply
nutrition= vitamin c , d, and calcium
stability
nonunion is?
unhealed broken bone
delayed union is?
fracture takes longer than usual to heal.
When a fracture heals in abnormal position it is called “ malunion”.
true or false?
true
