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orthopedic > rehabilitation in fractures > Flashcards

rehabilitation in fractures Flashcards

1
Q

how long does each stage of
inflam
proliferation
maturation
take time in bone fracture?

A

inflam= till day 4
proliferation= day 4 till week
maturation= up to 18 months

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2
Q

removal of sutures for
Face
Scalp
Trunk
Arms, hand
Lower extremity

A

Face 3-7 days
Scalp 7-10 days
Trunk 10 days
Arms, hand 10-14 days
Lower extremity 10-14 days

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3
Q

reparative phase consists of?

A

soft callus phase
hard callus phase

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4
Q

soft callus is from 4 to 6 weeks post injury
hard callus is from 1 to 6 weeks post injury

true or false?

A

false, the opposite

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5
Q

osteoclasts remove dead bone is done in soft callus and continuing to the hard callus phase

osteoblasts activity is abundant in hard callus phase.
true or false?

A

true

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6
Q

we give weight bearing before hard callus.
true or false?

A

false, after hard callus

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7
Q

skin is intact with bone fracture its closed/simple fracture

skin is breached with bone fracture its open /compound fracture

true or false?

A

true

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8
Q

Before 75 years hip fractures most common
After 75 years wrist fractures (Colles’) most common

true or false?

A

false, it’s the opposite.

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9
Q

-strength of bone tissue
-relationship of the fracture line with the external environment
-mechanism of fracture forming
-number of fractures
-anatomical localization of fracture
-broken line

Are related to?

A

classification of fractures

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10
Q

traumatic like pathological/ stressed fatigue induced.
are related to?

A

strength classification

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11
Q

open and closed fractures are related to?

A

fracture line with external environmental classification

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12
Q

what are the degrees of open fracture?

A
  1. Degree-no significant tissue damage, skin punctured, inf. rate 0-2%
  2. Degree-widespread skin injury, tissue damage, inf. rate 2-7%
  3. Degree- Large Dislplacements, large soft tissue and skin defect, inf. rate 10-25%
  4. Degree-total or partial amputation
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13
Q

transverse or crush type is?
and
falling on taut hands, weight bearing leg in football-spiral, oblique type is?

A

direct trauma fracture
indirect trauma fracture

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14
Q

mechanism of a fracture can be?

A

direct/indirect
pathological
stressed
avulsion

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15
Q

fissure
greenstick
torus
compression
collapse
colsed
are displaced fractures true or false?

A

false, non displaced

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16
Q

what are the displaced fracture ?

A

transverse
oblique
spiral
avulsion
fragmented
compound
longitudinal
comminuted

17
Q

greenstick is the most common fracture in children
true or false?

A

true

18
Q

twisting movements causes?

A

spiral fractures

19
Q

cancellous bone with osteoporosis results in?

A

crush fractures

20
Q

Open fracture, ischemic necrosis is seen with?

Crush and compartment syndromes is seen with?

Vasospasm and artery rupture is seen with?

Neurapraxias, axonotmesis, neurotmesis is seen with?

Joint instability and dislocation is seen with?

A

1- skin injuries
2- muscle injuries
3-veins
4-nerve
5-ligament

21
Q

what are the principles of management?

A

reduction =open/closed/traction
immobilization
rehabilitation

22
Q

1.Failure of close reduction
2.Displaced intra articular fracture
3.Avulsion fracture
4.Nonunion
are related to?

A

absolute indications of open reduction fracture

23
Q

what are the indications of relative open fracture

A

1.Delayed union/Malunion
2.Multiple fracture
3.Fracture with wide gap
4.Fracture with vascular injury

24
Q

collar and cuff
splint
cast and pop
are for?

A

stabilization, simple external

25
Q

risk of infection is found with?

A

external fixation

26
Q

with older people traction stabilization is preferable
true or false?

A

true

27
Q

what are the immediate complications after a fracture?

A

hemorrhage
damage to the surrounding tissues
compartment syndrome
deep vein thrombosis

28
Q

infection and pulmonary embolism are ?

A

early complications

29
Q

how to get rid of deep vein thrombosis after anesthesia?

A

antiedema socks
elevation
ice compression

30
Q

what are the late complications?

A

Delayed union / Mal union/nonunion
Fear of WB
Avascular necrosis
Shortening
CRPS (complex regional pain syndrome)
Secondary osteoarthritis

31
Q

Upper Ext. Lowe Ext. 1- 6-8 weeks. 12-16 weeks. 2- 3-4 weeks. 6-8 weeks.

which one for child and the other for adult in fracture healing duration?

A

1- adult
2- child (faster healing)

32
Q

where is the growth plate location?

A

between epiphysis and metaphysis

33
Q

Callus Formation 10-12nd days
Remodeling after 1 month

true or false?

A

true

34
Q

what are the important points for bone healing?

A

blood supply
nutrition= vitamin c , d, and calcium
stability

35
Q

nonunion is?

A

unhealed broken bone

36
Q

delayed union is?

A

fracture takes longer than usual to heal.

37
Q

When a fracture heals in abnormal position it is called “ malunion”.
true or false?

A

true

orthopedic (6 decks)

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