Spine Flashcards
The order of spinal covering
Meniges
• Dura Mater- outer most, dense collagens
• Arachnoid- middle meningeal layer, simple squamous epithelium
• Pia mater-meshwork of elastic and collagen fibers, like shrink wrap
Dermatome
Sensory nerve fibers that innervate a segment of skin and is associated with a single spinal level.
• Central Nervous System
– Where All info is collected, process, interpreted, integrated, and stored
– Brain and Spinal cord
• Meninges
• Gray matter
• Dorsal, lateral, ventral horns
• White matter
• Ascending, descending, transverse tracts
• Peripheral Nervous
– 2 parts, one that brings info to CNS, one that brings info out from CNS
– Spinal and cranial nerves
• Sensory neurons, receptors
• Motor neurons
– Roots
• Dorsal root, dorsal root ganglion, ventral root
– Sensory Division
- For sensing things, sight, touch, smell
- Sends info to CNS through sensory neurons, brings to spinal cord
- Somatic sensory receptors
- Special sensory receptors
- Visceral sensory receptors
Efferent (motor) Division
- Takes signal from CNS, Brain or Spinal Cord, and brings signal to target cell
- Can be voluntary or involuntary, like Heart Beat
- Somatic
- Voluntary movement
- Skeletal muscle
- Signals come from CNS through efferent neurons to target skeletal muscle cells
- Autonomic
- Smooth muscle
- Cardiac muscle
- Glands
- Adipose tissue
- Involuntary response
- Parasympathetic
- Resting
- Sympathetic
- Fight or flight
- Active during exercise
• What are the sections of the spinal cord?
– Cervical (8 nerves, 7 vertebra), Thoracic (12 nerves and vertebra), Lumbar (5 nerves and vertebra), Sacral (5 nerves and vertebra)
– Conus medullaris- cone shaped end of spinal cord, at about L1-L2
• Below continues bundles of nerve fibers
• What are the horns of gray matter?
– H Shaped
• Sensory comes in through back of nerves, motor out the front
– Not Myelinated
– Synapses occur in grey matter
– Neurons travel through white matter along the spinal cord
– Dorsal Horn- back end, mostly somatic
• Sensory neurons
– Ventral horn- Front of H, motor neurons emerge, mostly somatic
– Lateral horn- Thoracic and Lumbar sections, autonomic neurons
• Paresthesia
an abnormal dermal sensation (numbness, tingling, pricking, chilling, numbness)
lumbar puncture
medical procedure where needle is inserted into the subarachnoid space in the lumbar region inferior to the tip of the conus medullaris
white matter
contains large numbers of axons, myelinated-which is what makes it white
Is divided into 3 sections:
posterior column
lateral column
anterior column
each column contains tracts, which are a bundle of axons in the CNS that is relatively uniform, and relay the same type of info (sensory or motor) in the same direction (ascending or descending)
• What are the nerve roots?
– Dorsal root-Sensory neurons axons, on back
– Ventral root- Motor neuron axons, on front
– Dorsal root ganglion
• Sensory neuron cell bodies, Bulge where there is a collection of cell bodies
• Name types of sensory receptors.
– Thermoreceptors- in skin, temperature – Mechanoreceptors-found in skin, detect pressure or touch – Nociceptors- skin, pain receptors – Chemoreceptors- nose, smell and taste – Photoreceptors- eyes
– Proprioceptors
form of mechanoreceptors, help you understand the position of body. Sitting or standing, lying down, where are our arms, touch your nose with your eyes closed
• Muscle spindles
Type of proprioceptor
Wrap skeletal muscle fibers
• Sense stretch of skeletal muscles
• Prevents overstretching of skeletal muscle
• Golgi tendon organ
Type of proprioceptor Wrap tendon fibers • Sense stretch of tendon • During muscle contractions • Prevents tendon tears
– Monosynaptic
one synapse in the spinal cord, direct connection between sensory neurons and motor neurons. Makes for faster reaction time, skips talking to the brain
• Ipsilatera
Nerve impulse stays on same side of the body
• What is meningitis?
– Infection of the Meniges, or covering layers of the brain and spinal cord
Epidural space
outside the dura mater, contains fat to cushion, where epidural happens
Sub arachnoid space
beneath arachnoid mater, contains cerebrospinal fluid
