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PNS #2 > Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pair

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2
Q

How many cervical nerve pairs?

A

8 pair

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3
Q

How many thoracic nerve pairs?

A

12 pair

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4
Q

How many lumbar nerve pairs?

A

5 pair

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5
Q

How many sacral nerve pairs?

A

5 pair

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6
Q

How many coccygeal nerve pairs?

A

1 pair

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7
Q

Where are the cervical nerves found in relationship to the vertebrae?

A

found ABOVE the vertebrae

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8
Q

Where are the rest of the spinal nerves found in relationship to its vertebrae?

A

found BELOW the vertebrae

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9
Q

How are the spinal nerves attached to the cord?

A

via anterior and posterior roots

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10
Q

What are other names for the anterior roots of the spinal nerves?

A

ventral or motor

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11
Q

What are other names for the posterior roots of the spinal nerves?

A

dorsal or sensory

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12
Q

What do the anterior/ventral/motor roots carry?

A

efferent axons

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13
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the efferent axons found?

A

anterior (ventral) or lateral (if there) horns

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14
Q

Where are efferent neurons found?

A

anterior/ventral/motor roots

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15
Q

How are the anterior and posterior roots attached to the cord?

A

via a series of rootlets

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16
Q

What do the posterior/dorsal/sensory roots carry?

A

afferent axons

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17
Q

Where are afferent spinal cell bodies found?

A

posterior (dorsal) root ganglion (spinal ganglion)

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18
Q

Where do the posterior roots attach to the cord?

A

posterolateral sulcus

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19
Q

Where are the spinal ganglia found?

A

inside or just medial to the intervertebral foramen, beyond the dura mater

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20
Q

Where are the C1 and C2 ganglia located?

A

at their respective vertebral arches

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21
Q

Where are the sacral ganglia found?

A

within the vertebral canal

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22
Q

Where are the coccygeal ganglia found?

A

inside the dura mater

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23
Q

T/F: the anterior and posterior roots combine to form a mixed spinal nerve?

A

True

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24
Q

What nerve is given off right after the roots become a mixed spinal nerve?

A

meningeal (recurrent meningeal/sinuvertebral) branch

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25
Q

What is the 1st branch given off of the mixed spinal nerve?

A

meningeal branch

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26
Q

Where is the meningeal branch present?

A

at all spinal levels

27
Q

Where does the meningeal branch reenter the vertebral canal?

A

through the IVF

28
Q

What does the meningeal branch divide into in the IVF?

A

ascending, transverse, and descending branches

29
Q

How are the meningeal branches classified?

A

somatosensory and sympathetic

30
Q

What do the meningeal branches supply?

A

dura, blood vessels, periosteum, ligaments and intervertebral discs in anterior and lateral portions of the canal

31
Q

What area of the canal does the meningeal branches supply?

A

anterior and lateral portions of the canal

32
Q

What does the mixed spinal nerve divide into?

A

posterior (dorsal) primary rami

anterior (ventral) primary rami

33
Q

What does the posterior/dorsal primary ramus divide into?

A

lateral and medial branches (except C1)

34
Q

How is the posterior primary ramus compare in size to the anterior primary ramus?

A

smaller except at C1, S4 and S5 levels

35
Q

What does the posterior/dorsal primary ramus innervate?

A

MOTOR: to deep back muscles “paraspinal musculature”
SENSORY: skin on either side of spine

36
Q

What does the anterior primary rami innervate?

A

MOTOR: anterior and lateral trunk muscles, skeletal muscles of the extemities
SENSORY: skin of the extremities as well as anterior and lateral trunk (proprioception too)

37
Q

What do the anterior primary rami contribute to?

A

great plexuses (brachial, lumbar, sacral)

38
Q

Where are the sympathetic chain ganglia found?

A

either at or just medial to the bifurcation of the mixed spinal nerves

39
Q

What does the white ramus communicans carry?

A

myelinated axons

40
Q

Where are the white ramus communicans cell bodies found?

A

lateral horn cells at cord levels T1-L2

41
Q

What kind of fibers enter the sympathetic chain?

A

preganglionic sympatetic fibers

42
Q

What do the preganglionic sympathetic fibers do in to sympathetic chain?

A

1) synapse at the same level (move up/down chain and synapse)
2) pass right on through and synapse in greater/lesser/least splanchnic nerves

43
Q

What nerves pass right on through the sympathetic chain?

A

splanchnic nerves

44
Q

What do the gray ramus communicans carry?

A

unmyelinated postganglionic sympathetic axons

45
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the gray ramus communicans found?

A

sympathetic chain to the spinal nerve

46
Q

Where is the gray ramus communicans found?

A

with EVERY spinal nerve

47
Q

What is the C1 posterior rami called?

A

suboccipital nerve

48
Q

How is the C1 suboccipital nerve classified?

A

exclusively motor

49
Q

What does the suboccipital nerve supply?

A

suboccipital muscles: rectus capitis posterior major and minor, obliquus capitis superior and inferior, semispinalis capitis

50
Q

What makes up the suboccipital nerve?

A

C1 posterior primary ramus

51
Q

Does the posterior primary ramus C1 spilt?

A

NO

52
Q

Does the suboccipital nerve have a dermatome level?

A

NO

53
Q

What does the posterior primary rami of C2 split into?

A

medial and lateral branches

54
Q

What is another name for the C2 medial branch?

A

greater occipital nerve

55
Q

What sensory information does the greater occipital nerve carry?

A

posterior neck and scalp

56
Q

What does the lateral branch of C2 carry?

A

MOTOR: semispinalis capitis, longissimus capitis, splenius capitis muscles

57
Q

What branches does the posterior primary rami of C3 have?

A

medial and lateral branches

58
Q

What is the medial branch of C3 called

A

third (least) occipital nerve

59
Q

What does the least (third) occiptial nerve supply?

A

SENSORY: skin of posterior neck

60
Q

What does the lateral branch of C3 supply?

A

MOTOR: semispinalis capitis, longissimus capitis, splenius captis muscles

61
Q

What do the C4-C8 posterior primary rami branch into?

A

medial and lateral branches

62
Q

What do the medial branches of C4-C8 supply?

A

SENSORY: skin of posterior neck

63
Q

What do the lateral branches of C4-C8 supply?

A

MOTOR: iliocostalis cervicis, lingissimus cervicis, longissimus capitis

PNS #2 (7 decks)

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