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BIOL 527 Lab > Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

Spinal Nerves Flashcards

Exam #2

1
Q

Mesentaphalon is another name for what?

A

midbrain

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2
Q

The brainstem consists of:

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

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3
Q

What region of the brain is the midbrain located in?

A

Mesentaphalon

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4
Q

What region of the brain is the pons located in?

A

Metentephalon

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5
Q

What region of the brain is the medulla located in?

A

Mylentephalon

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6
Q

respiration

A

Pons

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7
Q

processing of cardiovascular, breathing, etc

A

Medulla

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8
Q

The nerves that come off the brain

A

cranial nerves

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9
Q

The nerves that come off the brain

A

spinal nerves

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10
Q

What are the 3 cerebrum peduncles called?

A

superior, middle, and inferior peduncles

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11
Q

The brainstem contains tracts that connect

A

the cerebrum (cerebral peduncles)
the cerebellum (cerebellar peduncles)
the spinal cord (pyramidal, extrapyramidal tracts)

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12
Q

Brainstem also contains various nuclei that serve basic functions, such as:

A
  1. control of muscles (head and neck)
  2. autonomic regulating internal organs, glands & vasculature (vegetative functions).
  3. Somatosensations (fine touch and conscious proprioceptions)
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13
Q

Lastly, the brainstem is the origin of nearly all the cranial nerves

A

cranial nerves (CN III-XII)
except CN I and II

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14
Q

The midbrain consists of:

A
  • Corpora quadrigemina (dorsal surface)
  • Tectum (roof of midbrain)
  • Substantia Nigra
    (cell mass that produces dopamine, necessary for normal movement, destruction leads to Parkinson’s disease)
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15
Q

Name the two areas the Corpora quadrigemina are divided into.

A

Two Superior Colliculi
Two Inferior Colliculi

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16
Q

Midbrain:

A
  1. Is the uppermost part of the brainstem
  2. Connects the diencephalon and the pons
    Is divided into three regions from anterior to posterior
    • Basis pedunculi
    • Tegmentum
    • Tectum
  3. Cerebral aqueduct, a small canal through the midbrain, joins the third and fourth ventricles.
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17
Q
  • Contains the pretectal area and the colliculi
  • Pretectal area is involved in the pupillary, consensual, and accommodation reflexes of the eye.
A

Tectum

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18
Q

relay auditory information from the cochlear nuclei to the to the medial geniculate body of the thalamus

A

inferior colliculi

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19
Q

involved in reflexive eye and head movements. Superior colliculi relay visual information to the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus

A

superior colliculi

20
Q

Contains vertical sensory tracts, superior cerebellar peduncle, red nucleus, PPN (pedunculopontine), and the nuclei of CNs III and IV

A

Tegmentum

21
Q
  1. It is cone shaped
  2. It tapers down to become continuous with spinal cord via foramen magnum
  3. It is located behind the basilar portion of occipital bone
  4. Posterior portion of upper part of medulla forms floor of the 4th ventricle
A

Medulla Oblongata

22
Q

Functions of the Medulla:

A
  1. coordinating swallowing.
  2. help regulate cardiovascular, respiratory, and visceral activity.
    (Hyperventilate)
23
Q

lie on the ventral surface of the medulla

A

medullary pyramids

24
Q

pyramids that contain the corticospinal tracts, which are involved in the control of voluntary movement (upper motor neurons).

A

medullary pyramids

25
Q

The rostral medulla also contains several nuclei that are important for

A

hearing

26
Q

The nuclei in the rostral medulla is called?

A
  1. Dorsal and Ventral Cochlear Nuclei
  2. Superior Olivary Complex
27
Q

In this rostral area, also have:

A
  1. Inferior olive, important for motor control
    2.Raphe nucleus, important for modulation of pain, mood & wakefulness
  2. Reticular formation
28
Q

A plexus that provides cutaneous sensory information from the posterior scalp to the clavicle.
innervates the anterior neck muscles and diaphragm.

A

Cervical plexus

29
Q

A plexus that the Entire upper limb is innervated by

A

Brachial plexus branches

30
Q

A plexus where branches innervate the skin and muscles of the anterior and medial thigh.

A

Lumbar plexus

31
Q

A plexus that innervates the posterior thigh and most of the leg and foot; contains parasympathetic axons

A

Sacral plexus

32
Q

Where motor axons synapse with muscle fibers

A

neuromuscular junction

33
Q

A motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers innervated by its axon terminals make up a

A

motor unit

34
Q

Signs of peripheral nerve damage include the following changes:

A
  1. Motor-e.g. paralysis/paresis
  2. Sensory- e.g. anesthesia/paresthesia
  3. Autonomic
35
Q

degree muscle stay contracted

A

muscle tone

36
Q
A

flaccid paralysis

37
Q
A

spastic paralysis

38
Q
A

atrophy

39
Q

touch is categorized as what

A

fine or crude touch

40
Q

touch is mediated by free endings throughout the skin.

A

crude touch

41
Q

touch includes a variety of receptors and subsensations.

A

fine touch

42
Q

receptors that respond to touch, pressure, vibration, stretch, noxious stimuli, and temperature

A

Cutaneous receptors

43
Q

What are the anatomical structures of the brachial plexus?

A
44
Q

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1, and T2 forms the

A

the axons of the ventral ramus

45
Q

axons from the ventral rami

A

BIOL 527 Lab (3 decks)

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