Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Lab > Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Paralysis of serratus anterior:
* What nerve is damaged?
* What does it cause?
* What is the appearance?
* What cannot be done?

A
  • Injury to the long thoracic nerve
  • The medial border of the scapula moves laterally and posteriorly away from the thoracic wall
  • This gives the scapula the appearance of a wing. When the arm is raised, the medial border and inferior angle of the scapula pull markedly away from the posterior thoracic wall, a deformation known as a winged scapula
  • The arm cannot be abducted above the horizontal position because the serratus anterior is unable to rotate the glenoid cavity superiorly to allow complete abduction of the limb.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

For lateral winging what is injuried?

A

Probelm with/injury to spinal accessory nerve to trapezius or dorsal scapular nerve to rhomboids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the boundaries of the axilla?

A
  • Anterior: pectoralis major and minor
  • Medial: serratus anterior or ribs
  • Lateral: proximal shaft of humerus
  • Posterior: Subscapularis+teres major+lat dorsi
  • Base: skin or axilla (arm pit) or 5th rib
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is the thoraic outlet?

A

Btw first rib and clavical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a type of thoracic outlet syndromes? What is the cause and what are the symptoms?

A

Costoclavicular syndrome— pallor and coldness of the skin of the upper limb and diminished radial pulse resulting from compression of the subclavian artery between the clavicle and the 1st rib, particularly when the angle between the neck and the shoulder is increased.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve inn motor and cutaneous?

A

Motor:
- Coracobrachialis
- Biceps brachii
- Brachialis

Cutaneous:
- Lateral forearm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the motor and cutanous inn of the median nerve?

A

Motor:
- Most anterior forearm compartment muscles expect FCU and FDP

Cutaneous:
* Lateral palm and fingers 1-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the motor and cutaneous inn of the axillary nerve?

A

Motor:
- Teres minor
- Deltoid

Cutaneous:
- Inferior deltoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the motor and cutaneous inn of ulnar nerve?

A

Motor:
- FCU
- Intrinsic hand muscles (form a fist)

Cutaneous:
- 4th & 5th finger, palmar and dorsal hand.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the motor and cutaneous inn of the radial nerve?

A

Motor:
- All posterior arm and forearm muscles

Cutaneous:
- Posterior arm, forearm, most of lateral dorsal hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What runs in the medial aspect of the bicep

A

Ulnar nerve, brachial artery ad median nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can be injuried in a fractured humerus?

A
  • Radial nerve because it runs posterior to the humerus
  • BUT: Near the head of the humerus is the axillary nerve!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What runs close to the median nerve?

A

Brachial artery and vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the roof of the carpal tunnel?

A

Flexor retinaculum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • When does atrophy of the deltoid occur?
  • What does it look like?
A
  • Atrophy of the deltoid occurs when the axillary nerve (C5 and C6) is severely damaged (e.g., as might occur when the surgical neck of the humerus is fractured).
  • As the deltoid atrophies unilaterally, the rounded contour of the shoulder disappears, resulting in visible asymmetry of the shoulder outlines. This gives the shoulder a flattened appearance and produces a slight hollow inferior to the acromion.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Musculocutaneus nerve injury:
* Inflicted by what?
* What does it result in?
* Loss of what?

A
  • Injury to the musculocutaneous nerve in the axilla is usually inflicted by a weapon such as a knife.
  • A musculocutaneous nerve injury results in paralysis of the coracobrachialis, biceps, and brachialis; consequently, flexion of the elbow and supination of the forearm are greatly weakened.
  • Loss of sensation may occur on the lateral surface of the forearm supplied by the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  • What is the carpal tunnel syndrome from?
  • What is the most sensitive structure in the carpal tunel?
A
  • Results from any lesion that significantly reduces the size of the carpal tunnel or, more commonly, increases the size of some of the structures (or their coverings) that pass through it (e.g., inflammation of the synovial sheaths).
  • The median nerve is the most sensitive structure in the carpal tunnel and, therefore, it is the most affected
22
Q

Lesions of the median nerve usually occur in two places: Explain the difference and what happens in each

A

Wrist
- Most common site is where nerve passes through the carpal tunnel.
- Laceration of wrist often causes median nerve injury because nerve relatively close to surface.
- Paralysis and wasting of the thenar muscles and the first two lumbrical muscles.
- Opposition of the thumb is not possible, and fine movements of the 2nd and 3rd digits are impaired.
- Sensation lost over the thumb and adjacent two and a half digits.

Forearm
- Perforating wound in elbow region results in loss of flexion of the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of the 2nd and 3rd digits.
- This condition is caused by the inability to oppose and by limited abduction of the thumb (Fig. B3.16).

23
Q

Ulnar nerve injury:
* Where is injury?
* What happens when there is an injury at the elbow, wrist or hand?
* What happens when their is compression of the ulnar nerve?

A

Injury posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus most common.

Ulnar nerve injury occurring at the elbow, wrist, or hand
- extensive motor and sensory loss to the hand.
- denervates most intrinsic hand muscles - difficulty making a fist
- cannot extend the interphalangeal joints when trying to straighten the fingers. characteristic appearance of claw hand

Compression of the ulnar nerve through the ulnar tunnel (Guyon tunnel).
- Ulnar canal syndrome is manifest by hypoesthesia in the medial one and one half fingers and weakness of the intrinsic hand muscles.
- Clawing of the 4th and 5th fingers may occur

24
Q

What is handlebar neuropathy?

A

a neuropathy caused by extrinsic repetitive compression of ulnar nerve at wrist.

25
Q

Radial nerve injury:
* What is the clinical manifestation?
* What is not loss?

A
  • Injury is proximal to the branches to the extensors of the wrist, so wrist-drop is the primary clinical manifestation.
  • Loss of sensation does not occur because the deep branch is entirely muscular and articular in distribution.
26
Q
  • What is the bicipital myotatic reflex?
  • What is a normal or positive response?
  • What does it confirm?
  • What if something is wrong?
A
  • The biceps reflex is one of several deep tendon reflexes that are routinely tested during physical examination.
  • A normal (positive) response is an
  • involuntary contraction of the biceps, felt as a momentarily tensed tendon, usually with a brief jerk-like flexion of the elbow.
  • A positive response confirms the integrity of the musculocutaneous nerve and the C5 and C6 spinal cord segments.
  • Excessive, diminished, or prolonged (hung) responses may indicate central or peripheral nervous system disease.
27
Q

What are the lumbar plexus nerves and sacral plexus nerves?

A
28
Q
A
29
Q

What is contained in the femoral triangle?

A

N = femoral nerve. A = femoral artery. V = femoral vein. EL = empty space (femoral canal) and lymphatics.

Lat to med

30
Q

Where does the sciatic run?

A

Deep to piriformis then btw retus and semitend

31
Q

What happens when you injury your superior gluteal nerve?

A
  • When a person is asked to stand on one leg, the gluteus medius and minimus normally contract as soon as the contralateral foot leaves the floor, preventing tipping of the pelvis to the unsupported side
  • When a person with a lesion of the superior gluteal nerve is asked to stand on one leg, the pelvis descends on the unsupported side (Fig. B7.10B), indicating that the gluteus medius on the contralateral side is weak or nonfunctional.
  • This is referred to clinically as a positive Trendelenburg test.
32
Q

Incomplete section of the sciatic nerve (e.g., from a stab wound) may involve what?

A

the inferior gluteal and/or the posterior femoral cutaneous nerves

33
Q

Recovery from a sciatic lesion is slow and usually incomplete.
* With respect to the sciatic nerve, the buttocks have a side of safety which is what? Danger side?

A
  • side of safety (its lateral side) and a side of danger (its medial side)
  • Wounds or surgery on the medial side may injure the sciatic nerve and its branches to the hamstrings.
34
Q

What happens when you have an injury to the medial side of the sciatic nerve?

A

Paralysis of these muscles results in impairment of thigh extension and leg flexion.

35
Q

A pain in the buttocks may possibly result from what?

A

from compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle (piriformis syndrome).

36
Q

Posterolateral herniation is most common in the lumbar region; approximately 95% of protrusions occur where?

A

at the L4–L5 or L5–S1 levels.

37
Q

What is sciatica? What is it often caused by?

A

Sciatica, pain in the lower back and hip and radiating down the back of the thigh into the leg, is often caused by a herniated lumbar IV disc or osteophytes that compress the L5 or S1 component of the sciatic nerve.

38
Q
A
39
Q

Injury to tibial nerve:
* Why it is uncommon?
* What can damage the nerve?
* What does it cause?

A
  • Injury to the tibial nerve is uncommon because of its protected position in the popliteal fossa; however, the nerve may be injured by deep lacerations in the fossa.
  • Posterior dislocation of the knee joint may also damage the tibial nerve.
  • Severance of the tibial nerve produces paralysis of the flexor muscles in the leg and the intrinsic muscles in the sole of the foot.
  • People with a tibial nerve injury are unable to plantarflex their ankle or flex their toes.
  • Loss of sensation also occurs on the sole of the foot.
40
Q
A
41
Q

TDAVNH?

A

T: tibialis posterior m
D: flexor digitorum longus m
A: artery (posterior tibial)
V: vein (posterior tibial)
N: nerve (tibial)
H: flexor hallucis longus m

42
Q
A
43
Q

What is in the anterior, lateral and posterior compartment of the leg?

A
44
Q
A
45
Q

What is the cutaneous inn from obturator and femoral nerve?

A
46
Q
  • What is an injury to the common fibular nerve?
  • What does it cause?
A
  • Footdrop and compensating gait patterns.
  • Because of its superficial and lateral position, the common fibular nerve is the nerve most often injured in the lower limb.
  • It winds subcutaneously around the fibular neck, leaving it vulnerable to direct trauma. This nerve may also be severed during fracture of the fibular neck or severely stretched when the knee joint is injured or dislocated.
  • Severance of the common fibular nerve results in flaccid paralysis of all muscles in the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg (dorsiflexors of ankle and evertors of foot).
  • The loss of dorsiflexion of the ankle causes footdrop, which is exacerbated by unopposed inversion of the foot. This has the effect of making the limb “too long”: The toes do not clear the ground during the swing phase of walking
47
Q

Deep Fibular Nerve Entrapment:
* What is it caused by?
* What many it cause?
* Pain occurs where?

A
48
Q

Medial Plantar Nerve Entrapment:
* Caused by what?
* Why does it occur?
* What can it be called?

A
49
Q

What does the patellar tendon and calcaneal tendon reflex test?

A
50
Q

Plantar reflex:
* What is a normal response?
* What is an abnormal response?
* What population is different and why?

A

Anatomy Lab (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions