Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NSB Extra Lecture Cards > Spinal Cord & Nerves > Flashcards

Spinal Cord & Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the spinal cord run from and to before becoming conus medullaris

A

Atlas -> L1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the conus medularis?

A

L1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is the cauda equina?

A

L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of the meninges in the spinal cord?

A

Anchorage & protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does pia mater thicken to become?

A

Denticulate ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the epidural space found?

A

Between the dura and vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the pia mater become when it gets stringy?

A

Filum terminale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the four regions of the spinal cord?

A

Cervical (C1-8)
Thoracic (T1-12)
Lumbar (L1-5)
Sacral (S1-5)
C0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do spinal nerves do?

A

Connect the periphery to the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are ventral nerves involved with?

A

Efferent communication (sensory info in)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are dorsal nerves involved with?

A

Afferent communication (motor info out)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of matter is found in the inner part of the spinal cord?

A

Grey matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of matter is found in the outer part of the spinal cord?

A

White matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In the GREY MATTER of the spinal cord - what are the following involved in?
- Dorsal horn
- Lateral horn
- Ventral horn

A

Dorsal horn = sensory input
Lateral horn = pre-ganglionic SS neurons
Ventral horn = motor output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are lots of neurons in grey matter called?

A

Laminae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is information from the outside called?

A

Exteroception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is information from the inside called?

A

Proprioception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are bundles of axons in WM of spinal cord called?

A

Tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which info is the dorsal column of the spinal cord responsible for?

A

Proprioception & light touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Name three ascending tracts of the spinal cord.

A

Dorsal column
Spinocerebellar column
Spinothalamic column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which ascending tract is responsible for proprioception & light touch?

A

Dorsal column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which ascending tract is responsible for proprioception?

A

Spinocerebellar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which ascending tract is responsible for pain and temperature sensation?

A

Spinothalamic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is another name for the dorsal tract?

A

Tract of Lissauer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where do asending nerves enter the spinal column?

A

Through the dorsal tract (tract of lissauer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Do dorsal column nerves ascend on the same side or contralateral side?

A

Same side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where is the cell body of a first order neuron of the dorsal column found?

A

In the dorsal root ganglion (outside the spinal cord)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the name of the collection of nerves from the arm?

A

Cuneate fascilius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the name for the collection of nerves from the leg?

A

Gracile facilius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Where do the first order neurons in the dorsal column synapse?

A

In the nucleus cuneatus or nucleus facilius.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Which neuron in the dorsal column crosses the midline?

A

The second order neuron

33
Q

Where abouts does the dorsal column cross the midline?

A

In the medulla

34
Q

Describe the pathway of the dorsal column tract.

A

1st order neuron
Enters through tract of Lissauer
Ascends same side
Synapses in nucleus fascilius or nucleus cuneatus with second order neuron.
Crosses midline in medula
Ascends to the thalamus
Synapses in thalamus with 3rd order neuron
Travels to the somatosensory cortex

35
Q

What is the name for the place where the 2nd order neuron crosses the midline in the medulla?

A

Medial lamniscus

36
Q

How does unilateral loss of a dorsal column neuron present?

A

Loss of procioception / VS / discriminative touch on one side. Loss will be same side below the lesion.

37
Q

What things can cause unilateral loss of dorsal column nerves?

A

MS
Low B12
NO misuse

38
Q

How does bilateral loss of dorsal column neurons present?

A

Severe ataxia

39
Q

Where is the 2nd order neuron found in the spinothalamic tract?

A

In the dorsal horn (of the spinal cord)

40
Q

Where do the neurons cross the midline in the spinothalamic tract?

A

In the dorsal horn

41
Q

Describe the pathway of the spinothalamic tract.

A

1st order enters via tract of Lissauer
Synapses with 2nd order in dorsal horn
Crosses midline
Ascends in either anterior or lateral spinothalamic tracts into thalamus
Synapses with 3rd order neuron in thalamus
Passes through internal capsule to the somatosensory cortex

42
Q

How does damage to the spinothalamic tract present clinically?

A

Loss of pain / temp / crude touch

43
Q

Will loss of sensation be on the same side or contralateral side in the spinothalamic tract?

A

Contralateral side

44
Q

What illness can cause loss of sensation to the spinothalamic tract?

A

Syringomyelia

45
Q

Which is syringomyelia

A

Syrinx in spinal cord (fluid filled cyst) - expands and affects arms, legs and then lower down - bilateral loss of pain and temp. BUT keep lighter touch & proporioception

46
Q

Will the lesion be on the same side or contralateral side to the symptoms in the spinothalamic tract?

A

Contralateral side

47
Q

Which are the two tracts of the spinocerebellar tract?

A

Posterior tract
Anterior tract

48
Q

Which part of the spinocerebellar tract is involved with information from muscle spindles & organs?

A

Posterior tract

49
Q

Which part of the spinocerebellar tract is involved with information from interneurons?

A

Anterior spinocerebellar tract

50
Q

What does the spinocerebellar tract control?

A

Unconscious proprioception
Smooth muscle control

51
Q

How many neurons are involved in the spinocerebellar tract and why?

A

Only 2 (1st and 2nd order)
For quicker transmission of signal

52
Q

Describe the path of the nerves in the spinocerebellar tract

A

1st order neuron enters through dorsal root
Synapses with the second order neurone
Ascends through the lateral border of the cord to the cerebellum, thalamus & motor cortex

53
Q

Name two descending tracts in the spinal cord

A

Corticospinal tract
Extrapyramidal tract

54
Q

Which descending tract controls voluntary movement?

A

Corticospinal tract

55
Q

Which descending tract controls involuntary movement?

A

Extrapyramidal tracts

56
Q

How many neurons are involved in the corticospinal tract? What are they?

A

2

Upper motor neuron
Lower motor neuron

57
Q

Where do upper motor neurons travel from and to?

A

From cerebral cortex –> ventral horn.

58
Q

Where do the 2 neurons of the corticospinal tract synapse?

A

Ventral horn

59
Q

Where do the lower motor neurons travel from and to?

A

From the ventral horn –> peripheral muscle

60
Q

Where do the UMNs cross the midline in the corticospinal tract?

A

80% cross in the pyramids of the medulla

20% dont cross - continue straight down in the anterior CST

61
Q

What are cell bodies of lower motor neurons called?

A

Anterior horn cells

62
Q

What type of motor neurons control voluntary muscle?

A

Αlpha motor neurons

63
Q

What type of motor neurons control muscle spindles?

A

Gamma motor neurons

64
Q

In which part of the ventral horn are the flexor muscle neurons found?

A

Middle

65
Q

In which part of the ventral horn are extensor muscle neurons found?

A

Outside

66
Q

If a lesion occurs above the medulla in the corticospinal tract, which side of the body is affected?

A

Opposite (80%)

67
Q

If a lesion occurs below the medulla in the corticospinal tract, which side of the body is affected?

A

Same (80%)

68
Q

What are the symptoms of an upper motor neuron problem?

A

Parents away (hyper)

Spasticity
Brisk reflexes
Weakness
No wasting

69
Q

What can damage an upper motor neuron?

A

Stroke, cord injury, compression

70
Q

What are the symptoms of a lower motor neuron problem?

A

Dead children (depression)

Flaccid paralysis
No reflexes
Muscle atrophy

71
Q

Which illness causes degeneration of the anterior horn cell?

A

Spinal muscular atrophy

72
Q

Which illness causes the immune system to attack the nerves incorrectly following a viral infection?

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome

73
Q

Which illness affects both the upper and lower motor neurons progressively, causing wasting, vesticulations, stiffness & brisk reflexes?

A

Motor Neuron Disease

74
Q

What do extrapyramidal tracts control?

A

Posture
Involuntary movement

75
Q

What is the path of extrapyramidal tracts?

A

They start in the brainstem and descend, but dont pass through the pyramids of the medulla - down to the ventral horn.

76
Q

Which extrapyramidal tract starts in the red nucleus of the brain AND is responsible for actions of flexors and extensors?

A

Rubrospinal tract

77
Q

Which extrapyramidal tract starts in the superior colliculus AND is responsible for postural movement in response to visual stimuli?

A

Tectospinal tract

78
Q

Which extrapyramidal tract is responsible for stabilisation when the head is tilted?

A

Vestibulospinal tract

79
Q

Which syndrome will have damage to the cord and present as
- reduced pain & temp on opposite side
- lower motor neuron paralysis & atrophy on SAME side
- reduced vibration, proprioception & 2 point sensation on SAME side?

A

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

NSB Extra Lecture Cards (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions