Spinal Cord (motor and sensory) Flashcards
___ cervical vertebrae, ___ thoracic vertebrae, ___ lumbar vertebrae, ____ sacral spinal nerves, __coccxygeal
7, 12, 5, 5, 1
The solid spinal cord ends at the _____ ______ around the level of ____-____ in adults
Conus Medullaris
L1 - L2
The Conus Medullaris is tethered to the coccyx by the ______ _______.
Filum Terminale
The Cauda Equina(“horse’s tail”) consists of the _______, _______, ________.
spinal nerve pairs from L2, the sacral nerves, and the coccygeal nerve.
What is tethered spinal cord syndrome?
-neurological disorder caused by tissue attachments that limit the movement of the spinal cord within the spinal column resulting in a low lying medullaris.
What dictates the severity of symptoms in tethered spinal cord syndrome?
Tightness
What is Spina Bifida?
A birth defectwhere there is incomplete closing of thebackboneand membranes around thespinal cord.
3 main types of Spina Bifida (progressively worse)
Occulta, Meningocele, Myelomeningocele
__________has no or only mild signs.Signs of occulta may include a hairy patch, dimple, dark spot, or swelling on the back.
Occulta
_________ typically causes mild problems with a sac of fluid present at the gap in the spine.
Meningocele
__________also known as open spina bifida, is the most severe form. Associated problems include poor ability to walk, problems with bladder or bowel control,hydrocephalus, atethered spinal cord
Myelomeningocele
______ and _____ is contraindication for caudal anesthesia
Diaper rash and parent refusal
Paired spinal arteries
Posterior
Arises from vertebral artery and extends to the conus medullaris
Single spinal arteries
Anterior
Arises from vertebral artery and extends to the conus medullaris
Dorsal Roots are the _______fibers arising from cell bodies in Dorsal Root Ganglia
Sensory (dorSal = Sensory)
Ventral Roots are the ______ fibers arising from the ventral horn of spinal cord
Motor (VenTral = moTor)
Cervical spinal nerves exit from ____ the respective vertebral body
above
Spinal nerve root 1 from above C1 vertebral body
Spinal nerve root 2 from between C1 and C2, etc.
Spinal nerve root 8 from below C7
___________ detect mechanical deformation of the receptor or of cells adjacent to the receptor (e.g. Baroreceptors)
Mechanoreceptors
__________ detect taste, smell, oxygen levels, pH
Chemoreceptors
_________ detect pain, damage to tissue (physical or chemical)
Nocioceptors
_________ detect degree of stretch in skeletal muscles, joints, tendons and ligaments (where am I in space) extremely sensitive
Proprioceptors
T4
nipples
T6
Xiphoid process
T10
umbilicus
____-_____ innervates the muscles and skin of the neck and shoulder
C1-C4
_____ ______* (C3-C5) is the sole motor supply of diaphragm
phrenic nerve
B/L phrenic nerve injury will lead to…….
respiratory failure
Why can you not do bilateral cervical plexus blocks?
respiratory failure
The phrenic nerve is usually blocked during an _________ nerve block
interscalene
__________–to arm flexors
__________–anterior forearm muscles and lateral palm
__________–anteromedial muscles of forearm and medialhand
_________–to deltoid and teres minor
_________–to posterior part of limb
Musculocutaneous
Median
Ulnar
Axillary
Radial
_________ neurons originates in periphery and terminate in spinal cord
First order
_____ _____ neurons ascend in the spinal cord and terminate in thalamus
Second order
______ ______ neurons project to specific cortex in brain
Third order
Primary motor pathway
Corticospinal Tract
_____ ______ Neurons (first order neurons) originate in the brain and terminate in the spinal cord
Upper Motor
______ ______ Neurons (second order neurons) originate in the spinal cord and terminate at the neuro-motor junction
Lower Motor
