Spinal Cord (motor and sensory)

Question 1

___ cervical vertebrae, ___ thoracic vertebrae, ___ lumbar vertebrae, ____ sacral spinal nerves, __coccxygeal

Answer 1

7, 12, 5, 5, 1

Question 2

The solid spinal cord ends at the _____ ______ around the level of ____-____ in adults

Answer 2

Conus Medullaris
L1 - L2

Question 3

The Conus Medullaris is tethered to the coccyx by the ______ _______.

Answer 3

Filum Terminale

Question 4

The Cauda Equina(“horse’s tail”) consists of the _______, _______, ________.

Answer 4

spinal nerve pairs from L2, the sacral nerves, and the coccygeal nerve.

Question 5

What is tethered spinal cord syndrome?

Answer 5

-neurological disorder caused by tissue attachments that limit the movement of the spinal cord within the spinal column resulting in a low lying medullaris.

Question 6

What dictates the severity of symptoms in tethered spinal cord syndrome?

Answer 6

Tightness

Question 7

What is Spina Bifida?

Answer 7

A birth defectwhere there is incomplete closing of thebackboneand membranes around thespinal cord.

Question 8

3 main types of Spina Bifida (progressively worse)

Answer 8

Occulta, Meningocele, Myelomeningocele

Question 9

__________has no or only mild signs.Signs of occulta may include a hairy patch, dimple, dark spot, or swelling on the back.

Answer 9

Occulta

Question 10

_________ typically causes mild problems with a sac of fluid present at the gap in the spine.

Answer 10

Meningocele

Question 11

__________also known as open spina bifida, is the most severe form. Associated problems include poor ability to walk, problems with bladder or bowel control,hydrocephalus, atethered spinal cord

Answer 11

Myelomeningocele

Question 12

______ and _____ is contraindication for caudal anesthesia

Answer 12

Diaper rash and parent refusal

Question 13

Paired spinal arteries

Answer 13

Posterior

Arises from vertebral artery and extends to the conus medullaris

Question 14

Single spinal arteries

Answer 14

Anterior

Arises from vertebral artery and extends to the conus medullaris

Question 15

Dorsal Roots are the _______fibers arising from cell bodies in Dorsal Root Ganglia

Answer 15

Sensory (dorSal = Sensory)

Question 16

Ventral Roots are the ______ fibers arising from the ventral horn of spinal cord

Answer 16

Motor (VenTral = moTor)

Question 17

Cervical spinal nerves exit from ____ the respective vertebral body

Answer 17

above

Spinal nerve root 1 from above C1 vertebral body
Spinal nerve root 2 from between C1 and C2, etc.
Spinal nerve root 8 from below C7

Question 18

___________ detect mechanical deformation of the receptor or of cells adjacent to the receptor (e.g. Baroreceptors)

Answer 18

Mechanoreceptors

Question 19

__________ detect taste, smell, oxygen levels, pH

Answer 19

Chemoreceptors

Question 20

_________ detect pain, damage to tissue (physical or chemical)

Answer 20

Nocioceptors

Question 21

_________ detect degree of stretch in skeletal muscles, joints, tendons and ligaments (where am I in space) extremely sensitive

Answer 21

Proprioceptors

Question 22

T4

Answer 22

nipples

Question 23

T6

Answer 23

Xiphoid process

Question 24

T10

Answer 24

umbilicus

Question 25

____-_____ innervates the muscles and skin of the neck and shoulder

Answer 25

C1-C4

Question 26

_____ ______* (C3-C5) is the sole motor supply of diaphragm

Answer 26

phrenic nerve

Question 27

B/L phrenic nerve injury will lead to.......

Answer 27

respiratory failure

Question 28

Why can you not do bilateral cervical plexus blocks?

Answer 28

respiratory failure

Question 29

The phrenic nerve is usually blocked during an _________ nerve block

Answer 29

interscalene

Question 30

__________–to arm flexors __________–anterior forearm muscles and lateral palm __________–anteromedial muscles of forearm and medialhand _________–to deltoid and teres minor _________–to posterior part of limb

Answer 30

Musculocutaneous Median Ulnar Axillary Radial

Question 31

_________ neurons originates in periphery and terminate in spinal cord

Answer 31

First order

Question 32

_____ _____ neurons ascend in the spinal cord and terminate in thalamus

Answer 32

Second order

Question 33

______ ______ neurons project to specific cortex in brain

Answer 33

Third order

Question 34

Primary motor pathway

Answer 34

Corticospinal Tract

Question 35

_____ ______ Neurons (first order neurons) originate in the brain and terminate in the spinal cord

Answer 35

Upper Motor

Question 36

______ ______ Neurons (second order neurons) originate in the spinal cord and terminate at the neuro-motor junction

Answer 36

Lower Motor