Spinal cord & meninges Flashcards
The spinal cord contains what 4 things?
Vertebrae
Ligaments
Meninges
CSF
Spinal cord is part of CNS or PNS?
CNS
Where do the efferent and afferent neurons go?
Efferent - motor neurons to muscles
Afferent - sensory neurons via dorsal root ganglia
List the spinal nerves
8 cervical pairs
12 thoracic pairs
5 lumbar pairs
5 sacral pairs
1 coccygeal pair
Where does the spinal cord terminate in adults and newborns?
L 1/2 in adults
L 2/3 in newborns
Where is there spinal cord enlargement?
Cervical and lumbar region
___ is the end of the spinal cord where it swells and goes to a point
Conus medullaris
What is filum terminal?
Pia matter continues from the end of the spinal cord to coccygeal ligament
What are the “horse tails”?
Cauda equina
- Has both dorsal and ventral nerve roots
Grey and white matter are primarily made of
grey matter - neural cell bodies
white matter - axons/neuronal tracts
What types of neurons doe the dorsal, ventral, and lateral horn contain?
Dorsal - sensory neurons
Ventral - motor neurons
Lateral - preganglionic autonomic neurons
Roots combine to form
spinal nerve
What is the first order neurons?
dorsal root ganglion
What is second order neurons?
skin receptors/proprioceptors to CNS
The spinal nerve bifurcates into
Ventral and dorsal primary ramus
Where does the dura mater extend from?
Foramen magnum to S2
Continues w/ other meninges as coccygeal ligament (continuous even after spinal cord ends)
Where is the arachnoid mater?
- Attached to inner surface of dura mater
- Connected to pia mater below via trabeculae
- middle
Where is the pia mater? What does it attach to?
- Innermost layer
- Attached to spinal cord and nerve roots
- attached to dura via denticulate ligaments
- continues as filum terminale to coccyx
What are the types of spinal arteries that give rise to a single spinal artery?
Dorsal spinal artery (posterior) (2)
Ventral spinal artery (anterior) (1)
What are the spinal venous plexus? Where are they located?
2 external vertebral venous plexus
1 internal vertebral venous plexus
Within epidural space
The dorsal spinal arteries and ventral spinal artery bifurcates into ___ which comes together to make ___
Dorsal and ventral radicular artery
spinal artery
Types of spina bifida and describe them
Occulta
- Most of spinal column develops but doesn’t fuse
Meningocele
- meninges closer doesn’t happen, it extends out as a fluid filled sack
Myelomeningocele
- most severe
- Spinal cord extends out in meninges
Describe subdural hematoma and epidural hematoma
Subdural hematoma
- Vessel breaks deep to dura matter (stroke)
Epidural hematoma
- occurs w/ fracture of skull
- blood’s superficial to dura matter
