Anatomy of Back Flashcards
Why does movement of joints occur?
Due to muscle moving 1 bone relative to another
Muscles only___
Contract
Define tendon
Fibrous CT connecting muscle to bone
Used for motion
Define ligament
Fibrous CT connecting bone to bone
For stabilization
Define origin
The area where the muscle moves the least during action
Origin is typically located proximal or distal in limbs?
Proximal
Define insertion
The area where muscle moves the most during action
A muscle must ___ a joint to have an action at that joint
Cross
Can muscles cross more than 1 joint?
Yes
What’s the strongest muscle in the body?
Tongue
Define action, agonist, and synergist
Action - functional movement produced by the contraction of a muscle
Agonist - primary muscle to produce a motion
Synergist - contract to assist the agonist
Define innervation
Specific nerve that elicits contraction
Flexion and extension occurs on what plane?
Sagittal plane
Abduction and addiction occur on what plane?
Coronal plane
Medial and lateral rotation occurs where?
Along the long axis of the limb or neck
Functions of the vertebral column
- Protects the spinal cord
- Upright posture
- Shock absorption
- Muscle attachment
- Motor/sensory innervation support
What’re the segments of the vertebral column?
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
4 coccygeal
Functions of cervical region
Flexion, extension, lateral Flexion and rotation
C1 and C2 of cervical column names and description
C1 - atlas
Holds skull up and most superior
No vertebral body so fused with C2
C2 - axis
Function of thoracic region
Support for ribs
- limited motion
Primary curve regions of the spine
Thoracic and sacral
Secondary curves location on the spine
Lumbar and cervical
Describe scoliosis
Lateral curved spine
Occurs in coronal plane
Describe kyphosis
Excess anterior curvature of head and spine
Describe lordosis
Excess lumbar curvature
What does the Cervical region vertebra consist of?
- Small vertebral body
- Bifid Transverse foremen
- transverse process
- Bifid Spinous process
- Superior articulate facet
- Superior vertebral notch
- Superior & inferior articulate process
- Corpus (body)
What does the thoracic region vertebra consist of?
- Ribs facets
- Corpus (body)
- Spinous process project inferiority (looks like giraffe head)
- Corpus (body)
- Superior articulate facet
- Inferior & inferior articular process
- Superior vertebral notch
What does the lumbar region of the vertebra consist of?
- short spinous process (projects posteriorly )
- large vertebral body
- Superior & inferior articulate facet
- Inferior articulate facet
- Superior costal facet
Superior vertebral notch and inferior vertebral notch come together to form a ___ in the vertebra
Vertebral Foramen
Outer and inner layers of the intervertebral discs
- Outer = annulus fibrosis
- Inner = nucleus pulposis
Spinal nerves pass through the
Intervertebral foramen
Superficial layer of the back function and what’s it innervated by?
Move/stabilize brachium
Innervated - branches of VPR’s and CN XI
Intermediate layer of the back function and what’s It innervated by?
Move/stabilize ribs
Innervated by branches of VPR’s
Deep muscle function and what’s it innervated by?
Move/stabilize trunk
Innervated by DPR’s
Function, origin and insertion of the trapezius
- Function = elevate, adduct (retract), and depress scapula
- Origin = spinous process (C7-T12), extended occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament (Neck)
- Insertion = lateral 1/3 clavicle, medial acromion (neck),spine scapula
Latissimus dorsi function, insertion, and origin
Function = extend, adduct, medially rotate humerus
Insertion = intertubercular humerus
Origin = spinous process (T7-L5), thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest of pelvis
Function, origin and insertion of levator scapulae
Function - elevates scapula
Origin - transverse process (C1-C4)
Insertion - medial scapular border
Function, insertion and origin of rhomboid major and minor
Function - retract/rotate scapula
Origin - spinous process
Insertion - medial scapular border
Function, origin, and insertion of Serratus posterior superior and inferior
Function - assist w/ respiration
Origin - lateral spinous process (superior is from spinal column to ribs and inferior is from Lumbar to ribs)
Insertion - ribs
What are the deep back muscles of the neck
Splenius capitis and semisplenalis capitis
Function of splenius capitis
Extends the neck
In the Deep back muscles, what are the superficial extensors (also called erector spinae)
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
In the Deep back muscle, what are the transversospinalis muscles
Multifidi
Rotators
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an example of which type of joint?
Synovial
Function of the iliocostalis
Helps extend spine
Trapezius is innervated by
CN XI
Latissimus dorsi is inervated by
Thoracodorsal nerve
Levator scapulae and rhomboid major/minor are innervated by
Dorsal scapular nerve
Serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior are innervated by
VPR
