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602 - Exam 1 > Anatomy of Back > Flashcards

Anatomy of Back Flashcards

1
Q

Why does movement of joints occur?

A

Due to muscle moving 1 bone relative to another

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2
Q

Muscles only___

A

Contract

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3
Q

Define tendon

A

Fibrous CT connecting muscle to bone
Used for motion

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4
Q

Define ligament

A

Fibrous CT connecting bone to bone
For stabilization

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5
Q

Define origin

A

The area where the muscle moves the least during action

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6
Q

Origin is typically located proximal or distal in limbs?

A

Proximal

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7
Q

Define insertion

A

The area where muscle moves the most during action

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8
Q

A muscle must ___ a joint to have an action at that joint

A

Cross

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9
Q

Can muscles cross more than 1 joint?

A

Yes

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10
Q

What’s the strongest muscle in the body?

A

Tongue

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11
Q

Define action, agonist, and synergist

A

Action - functional movement produced by the contraction of a muscle
Agonist - primary muscle to produce a motion
Synergist - contract to assist the agonist

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12
Q

Define innervation

A

Specific nerve that elicits contraction

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13
Q

Flexion and extension occurs on what plane?

A

Sagittal plane

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14
Q

Abduction and addiction occur on what plane?

A

Coronal plane

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15
Q

Medial and lateral rotation occurs where?

A

Along the long axis of the limb or neck

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16
Q

Functions of the vertebral column

A
  • Protects the spinal cord
  • Upright posture
  • Shock absorption
  • Muscle attachment
  • Motor/sensory innervation support
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17
Q

What’re the segments of the vertebral column?

A

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
4 coccygeal

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18
Q

Functions of cervical region

A

Flexion, extension, lateral Flexion and rotation

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19
Q

C1 and C2 of cervical column names and description

A

C1 - atlas
Holds skull up and most superior
No vertebral body so fused with C2

C2 - axis

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20
Q

Function of thoracic region

A

Support for ribs
- limited motion

21
Q

Primary curve regions of the spine

A

Thoracic and sacral

22
Q

Secondary curves location on the spine

A

Lumbar and cervical

23
Q

Describe scoliosis

A

Lateral curved spine
Occurs in coronal plane

24
Q

Describe kyphosis

A

Excess anterior curvature of head and spine

25
Q

Describe lordosis

A

Excess lumbar curvature

26
Q

What does the Cervical region vertebra consist of?

A
  • Small vertebral body
  • Bifid Transverse foremen
  • transverse process
  • Bifid Spinous process
  • Superior articulate facet
  • Superior vertebral notch
  • Superior & inferior articulate process
  • Corpus (body)
27
Q

What does the thoracic region vertebra consist of?

A
  • Ribs facets
  • Corpus (body)
  • Spinous process project inferiority (looks like giraffe head)
  • Corpus (body)
  • Superior articulate facet
  • Inferior & inferior articular process
  • Superior vertebral notch
28
Q

What does the lumbar region of the vertebra consist of?

A
  • short spinous process (projects posteriorly )
  • large vertebral body
  • Superior & inferior articulate facet
  • Inferior articulate facet
  • Superior costal facet
29
Q

Superior vertebral notch and inferior vertebral notch come together to form a ___ in the vertebra

A

Vertebral Foramen

30
Q

Outer and inner layers of the intervertebral discs

A
  • Outer = annulus fibrosis
  • Inner = nucleus pulposis
31
Q

Spinal nerves pass through the

A

Intervertebral foramen

32
Q

Superficial layer of the back function and what’s it innervated by?

A

Move/stabilize brachium

Innervated - branches of VPR’s and CN XI

33
Q

Intermediate layer of the back function and what’s It innervated by?

A

Move/stabilize ribs

Innervated by branches of VPR’s

34
Q

Deep muscle function and what’s it innervated by?

A

Move/stabilize trunk

Innervated by DPR’s

35
Q

Function, origin and insertion of the trapezius

A
  • Function = elevate, adduct (retract), and depress scapula
  • Origin = spinous process (C7-T12), extended occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament (Neck)
  • Insertion = lateral 1/3 clavicle, medial acromion (neck),spine scapula
36
Q

Latissimus dorsi function, insertion, and origin

A

Function = extend, adduct, medially rotate humerus
Insertion = intertubercular humerus
Origin = spinous process (T7-L5), thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest of pelvis

37
Q

Function, origin and insertion of levator scapulae

A

Function - elevates scapula
Origin - transverse process (C1-C4)
Insertion - medial scapular border

38
Q

Function, insertion and origin of rhomboid major and minor

A

Function - retract/rotate scapula
Origin - spinous process
Insertion - medial scapular border

39
Q

Function, origin, and insertion of Serratus posterior superior and inferior

A

Function - assist w/ respiration
Origin - lateral spinous process (superior is from spinal column to ribs and inferior is from Lumbar to ribs)
Insertion - ribs

40
Q

What are the deep back muscles of the neck

A

Splenius capitis and semisplenalis capitis

41
Q

Function of splenius capitis

A

Extends the neck

42
Q

In the Deep back muscles, what are the superficial extensors (also called erector spinae)

A

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

43
Q

In the Deep back muscle, what are the transversospinalis muscles

A

Multifidi
Rotators

44
Q

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an example of which type of joint?

A

Synovial

45
Q

Function of the iliocostalis

A

Helps extend spine

46
Q

Trapezius is innervated by

A

CN XI

47
Q

Latissimus dorsi is inervated by

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

48
Q

Levator scapulae and rhomboid major/minor are innervated by

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

49
Q

Serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior are innervated by

A

VPR

602 - Exam 1 (10 decks)

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