spinal cord development

Question 1

where does the spinal cord end

Answer 1

conus medullaris

Question 2

which layer is the outermost of the 3 primary germ layers

Answer 2

ectoderm

Question 3

which layer is the root of all neural tissue

Answer 3

ectoderm

Question 4

which layer is the middle of the 3 primary germ layers

Answer 4

mesoderm

Question 5

which layer forms much of the bone and musculature

Answer 5

mesoderm

Question 6

what layer is the innermost of the 3 primary germ layers

Answer 6

endoderm

Question 7

what layer forms much of the viscera

Answer 7

endoderm

Question 8

the process of neural tube formation

Answer 8

neurulation

Question 9

what is the precursor structure to the CNS

Answer 9

neural tube

Question 10

where are the neuropores found

Answer 10

at each end of the neural tube

Question 11

somites arise from

Answer 11

mesoderm

Question 12

what is affected in all forms of spina bifida

Answer 12

somites

Question 13

notochord cells go on to form

Answer 13

intervertebral discs

Question 14

what cells differentiate to form the Pia and arachnoid mater

Answer 14

neural crest cells

Question 15

what is the dura mater formed from

Answer 15

mesoderm

Question 16

which grows first: axial skeleton or CNS?

Answer 16

CNS

Question 17

any of a series of conditions caused by failure of the neural tube to close

Answer 17

neural tube defects

Question 18

2 most common neural tube defects

Answer 18

spina bifida
ancephaly

Question 19

central closure issue

Answer 19

cranioarachischisis
encephalocele

Question 20

anterior closure issue

Answer 20

anencephaly
iniencephaly

Question 21

posterior closure issue

Answer 21

spina bifida

Question 22

closer to which neuropore has a higher risk of fatality

Answer 22

closer to anterior neuropore

Question 23

which neural tube defects are 100% fatal

Answer 23

ancephaly
cranioarachischisis
iniencephaly

Question 24

which neural tube defect is 50-100% fatal

Answer 24

encephalocele

Question 25

neural tube defect with meninges/neural tissue exposure

Answer 25

open NTD

Question 26

neural tube defect with skin intact

Answer 26

closed NTD

Question 27

which subtype of spina bifida can be open or closed

Answer 27

meningocele

Question 28

which subtype of spina bifida is the most common and least debilitating form

Answer 28

occulta

Question 29

out pouching of the meningeal layers WITHOUT neural tissue

Answer 29

meningocele

Question 30

out pouching of the meningeal layers WITH neural tissue

Answer 30

myelomeningocele

Question 31

myeloschisis

Answer 31

out pouching of neural tissue without meningeal covering

Question 32

examples of closed NTD

Answer 32

lipomyelomeningocele
lipomeningocele
tethered cord

Question 33

which NTD is not affected by supplementation of folate

Answer 33

lipomyelomeningocele

Question 34

what does CT measure

Answer 34

density

Question 35

what does MRI measure

Answer 35

RF signal form protons

Question 36

STIR MRI is beneficial for

Answer 36

fat suppression

Question 37

in STIR MRI water (edema) is

Answer 37

bright

Question 38

in FLAIR MRI, you have increased visibility near

Answer 38

CSF-brain borders