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anatomy unit 3 > Intro to neuro > Flashcards

Intro to neuro Flashcards

1
Q

what 2 nerves don’t leave the brain

A

optic nerve
olfactory nerve

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2
Q

what is the neural tube created from?

A

ectoderm

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3
Q

formation of the neural tube occurs when?

A

between 2nd and 4th week after conception

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4
Q

what 3 embryological brain structures does the neural tube differentiate into

A

forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain

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5
Q

when is the neural tube fully closed?

A

6 weeks

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6
Q

when does the PNS begin a period of rapid growth

A

8 weeks

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7
Q

when are all major components of the brain present

A

34 weeks

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8
Q

when does brain development stop

A

25 years

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9
Q

Overarching structures in the forebrain

A

Telencephalon
Diencephalon

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10
Q

Structures in the telencephalon

A

cerebral nuclei (basal ganglia, amygdala, basal forebrain)
lateral ventricles

cerebral cortex is kinda it’s own thing

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11
Q

Structures in the diencephalon

A

thalamus
hypothalamus
retina
third ventricle

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12
Q

Structures in the mesencephalon (midbrain)

A

superior and inferior colliculi
red nucleus
substantia nigra
cerebral aqueduct

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13
Q

overarching structures of the midbrain

A

mesencephalon

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14
Q

overarching structures of the hindbrain

A

metencephalon
myelencephalon

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15
Q

structures in the metencephalon

A

cerebellum
pons
4th ventricle

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16
Q

structures in the myelencephalon

A

medulla oblongata
4th ventricle

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17
Q

structures in the spinal cord

A

spinal cord
central canal

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18
Q

is nuclei found in the CNS or PNS

A

CNS

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19
Q

is ganglia found in the CNS or PNS

A

PNS

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20
Q

what is the largest part of the brain by weight

A

cerebrum

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21
Q

what does central sulcus separate

A

parietal and frontal lobes

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22
Q

what does sagittal fissure separate

A

hemispheres

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23
Q

what does lateral fissure separate

A

parietal and frontal lobes from temporal lobe

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24
Q

pre central gyrus function

A

motor

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25
Q

postcentral gyrus function

A

sensory

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26
Q

is the subdural space a real space or potential space

A

potential space

27
Q

where do subarachnoid bleeds occur

A

arachnoid trabeculae

28
Q

what is between the arachnoid mater and the Pia mater

A

subarachnoid space

29
Q

globus pallidus in relation to putamen

A

globus pallidus is deeper to putamen

30
Q

basal ganglia primary function

A

fine tune VOLUNTARY movement

31
Q

where is the amygdala found

A

end of the caudate nucleus

32
Q

this white matter tract connects cerebrum to other areas in CNS

A

projection

33
Q

this white matter tract connects areas in different hemispheres

A

commissural

34
Q

this white matter tract connect areas in the same hemisphere

A

association

35
Q

what type of white matter tract is the corpus callosum

A

commissural

36
Q

what type of white matter tract is the internal capsule

A

projection

37
Q

what type of white matter tract is anterior/posterior commissure

A

commissural

38
Q

how many paired nuclei within the thalamus

A

up to 50 isolated nuclei

39
Q

major function of thalamus

A

relay station for sensory AND motor function

40
Q

where is the hypothalamus found in relation to the thalamus

A

anterior-inferiorly to the thalamus

41
Q

how many nuclei are found in the hypothalamus

A

11 major nuclei

42
Q

major function of the hypothalamus

A

homeostasis –> body temp, metabolism, alertness, reproduction, sleep

43
Q

through what structure does the hypothalamus impart many of its functions through

A

pituitary gland

44
Q

where is the midbrain found in relation to the thalamus and hypothalamus

A

inferiorly to the thalamus and hypothalamus

45
Q

superior colliculus function

A

visual reflexes

46
Q

inferior colliculus function

A

auditory reflexes

47
Q

cerebral peduncle function

A

transmits spinals tracts to pons and rest of brainstem

48
Q

structures in the brainstem

A

midbrain
pons
medulla

49
Q

cerebellum major function

A

SUBCONSCIOUS fine motor coordination

50
Q

what is the cerebellum attached to

A

cerebrum
pons
medulla

51
Q

how is the cerebellum attached to those structures

A

cerebellar peduncles

52
Q

major functions of the pons

A

sleep-wake cycle
transmits spinal tract axons (efferent + afferent)
regulates breathing with medulla
affects BP & HR

53
Q

what cranial nerves enter/exit at the pons

A

trigeminal nerve (5)
abducens (6)
facial (7)
vestibulocochlear (8)

54
Q

what structure is the final connection to the spinal cord

A

medulla

55
Q

structures within the medulla

A

pyramids
olive
decussation

56
Q

what tracts do the pyramids in the medulla contain

A

corticospinal
corticobulbar

57
Q

function of the olive in the medulla

A

muscle memory and coordination

58
Q

what spinal tract decussates at the decussation in the medulla

A

corticospinal tract

59
Q

spinal cord travels from

A

foramen magnum –> conus medullaris (L1-L2)

60
Q

gray and white ramus in the spinal cord are our connection to the

A

sympathetic chain

61
Q

white rami in the spinal cord are only present from

A

T1-L2

62
Q

white ramus is

A

preganglionic

63
Q

gray ramus is

A

postganglionic

anatomy unit 3 (5 decks)

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