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PTRS 852 - Neuro Exam 1 > Spinal Cord and PNS > Flashcards

Spinal Cord and PNS Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal Cord Functions

A

Convey sensory information from periphery to brain
Convey motor information from brain to periphery
Reflexes
Modify ascending and descending information

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2
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

At L1-L2 intervertebral space

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3
Q

Filum Terminale

A

Connective tissue that connects end of cord to coccyx

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4
Q

Cauda Equina

A

L2-S5 nerve roots

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5
Q

Why are there cervical and lumbar enlargements?

A

Because of plexuses - lots of alpha-motor neurons so the area swells up

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6
Q

Where are cell bodies of sensory neurons located?

A

Dorsal root ganglion

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7
Q

What leaves the ventral horn?

A

Motor neurons

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8
Q

What leaves the dorsal horn?

A

Sensory neurons

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9
Q

Dorsal Horn (Sensory)

A

Contains endings of sensory neurons, interneurons and cell bodies of tract cells

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10
Q

Lateral Horn

A

ONLY AT T1-L2 SPINAL SEGMENTS

Contains cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic neurons

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11
Q

Ventral Horn (Motor)

A

Contains cell bodies of lower motor neurons, alpha-motor and gamma-motor neurons

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12
Q

Alpha-motor Neurons

A

Primary

Travel to muscles

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13
Q

Gamma-motor Neurons

A

Secondary

Travel to spindle fibers (protect quick stretch of muscles and maintain appropriate length)

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14
Q

Dorsal Column

A

Contains sensory tracts and medial lemniscus pathway

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15
Q

Lateral Column

A

Contains sensory and motor tracts

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16
Q

Anterior Column

A

Contains motor tracts

Involved with muscle regulation

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17
Q

Dorsal Column

A

Divided in fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus

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18
Q

Fasciculus Gracilis

A

Receives information from LE

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19
Q

Fasciculus Cuneatus

A

Receives information from UE

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20
Q

How to tell if you are looking at a cervical cross-section?

A

Indentation between cuneatus and gracilis

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21
Q

Posterior Intermediate Sulcus

A

Separates different sections of dorsal column

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22
Q

Anterior White Commissure

A

Connecting left and right spinal cord

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23
Q

Muscle fibers are characterized into what group?

A

Medial

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24
Q

Pain and temperature fibers are characterized into what group?

A

Lateral, in dorsal horn

25
Q

Large Myelinated Axon Classification

A

Efferent - A-alpha

Afferent - Ia, Ib, II

26
Q

Medium Myelinated Axon Classification

A

Efferent - A-gamma

27
Q

Small Myelinated Axon Classification

A

Efferent - B (smaller diameter)

Afferent - A-beta (larger diameter)

28
Q

Unmyelinated Axon Classification

A

Efferent - C

Afferent - C (pain, temperature, visceral receptors)

29
Q

Lesion in Spinal Region

A

Results in myotomal and/or dermatomal distribution

30
Q

Lesion in Periphery

A

Results in peripheral nerve distribution

31
Q

Periphery Lesion Symptoms

A 
Paresis/paralysis
Sensory loss
Abnormal sensations
Muscle atrophy
Reduced/absent DTR
32
Q

Upper Motor Neuron

A

Neurons with axons that descend from cerebral cortex or brain stem and end on LMN
Neurons within CNS

33
Q

UMN Example - Corticospinal Pathway

A

Starts in motor cortex, crosses in medulla and innervates LMN at respective spinal level

34
Q

Lower Motor Neuron

A

Cell body in brain stem or ventral horn of spinal cord
Axone leaves CNS and synapses in periphery on muscle
Starts in CNS but ends in PNS

35
Q

UMN Clinical Signs

A

Paresis
Spasticity
Hypertonia
Hyperreflexia

36
Q

UMN Diseases

A 
Stroke
SCI
Parkinson's
TBI
MS
37
Q

LMN Clinical Signs

A

Loss of reflexes
Atrophy
Flaccid paralysis
Fibrillation/fasciculations

38
Q

LMN Diseases

A

Polio
Peripheral Nerve Injury
Guillan Barre

39
Q

Rexed’s Laminae

A

10 regions of spinal gray matter

40
Q

Reflex

A

Involuntary, stereotyped response to sensory input

Involves sensory input and motor output

41
Q

Reflex Examples

A

Stretch reflex via spindle

Autogenic inhibition via GTO

42
Q

Reflex Arc

A

Quick stretch stimulates Ia afferent in spindle
Ia afferent synapses in spinal cord with alpha-motor neurons
No interneuron involvement

43
Q

Reflex Arc Modulation

A

Afferent input synapses with interneuron
Also under influence of UMN
Lose descending control (leads to hyperreflexia)

44
Q

Dorsal Column Function

A

Conscious touch

Proprioception

45
Q

Spinothalamic Function

A

Conscious pain

Temperature

46
Q

Spinoreticular Function

A

Alerting

Arousal

47
Q

Spinocerebellar Function

A

Unconscious proprioception

48
Q

Dorsal Column Neuron Orders from Body

A

1st: DRG
2nd: Nucleus cuneatus/gracilis
3rd: VPL nucleus of thalamus

49
Q

Dorsal Column Neuron Orders from Face

A

1st: Trigeminal ganglion
2nd: Main sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve
3rd: VPM nucleus of thalamus

50
Q

Dorsal Column Pathway

A 
Enters spinal cord
Ascends dorsal column
Synapses in medulla
Crosses over and ascends in medial lemniscus to contralateral thalamus
Synapses in thalamus
Ascend to cortex
51
Q

Spinothalamic Column Neuron Orders from Body

A

1st: DRG
2nd: Dorsal horn of spinal cord
3rd: VPL nucleus of thalamus

52
Q

Spinothalamic Column Neuron orders from Face

A

1st: Trigeminal ganglion
2nd: Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve
3rd: VPM nucleus of thalamus

53
Q

Spinothalamic Pathway

A 
Enters spinal cord
Synapses in dorsal horn
Crosses to contralateral spinal cord
Ascends in spinothalamic tract
Synapses in thalamus
Ascends to cortex
54
Q

Corticospinal Function

A

Voluntary movement

Fine motor control

55
Q

Rubrospinal Function

A

Gross motor movements

56
Q

Reticulospinal and Vestibulospinal Function

A

Trunk movements

Postural control

57
Q

Tectospinal Function

A

Reflexive movement of head

58
Q

Corticospinal Tract Pathway

A

Cell body in motor cortex
Crosses in medullary pyramid
Descends in lateral column
Synapses with alpha-motor neuron

59
Q

Rubrospinal Tract

A

Cell body in red nucleus
Crosses immediately
Synapses with alpha-motor neuron

PTRS 852 - Neuro Exam 1 (7 decks)

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